Pupillary light reflex latency in patients with multiple sclerosis

Diemen, H.A.M. van; Dongen, M.M.M.M. van; Nauta, J. J. P.; Lanting, P.; Polman, Chris H.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(92)90170-m

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous PLR studies indicate that prolonged PLR latencies can be related to demyelination (van Diemen et al 1992) or atrophy in the optical nerves (Alexandridis et al 1981). Though autism is not overtly a demyelinating disease, white matter signal abnormalities have been reported especially the posterior and subcortical hyperintensities localized in the temporal poles (Boddaert et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Fan

Miles

Takahashi

et al. 2009

J Autism Dev Disord

103

122

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Computerized binocular infrared pupillography was used to measure the transient pupillary light reflex (PLR) in both children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and children with typical development. We found that participants with ASDs showed significantly longer PLR latency, smaller constriction amplitude and lower constriction velocity than children with typical development. The PLR latency alone can be used to discriminate the ASD group from the control group with a cross-validated success rate of 89.6%. By adding the constriction amplitude, the percentage of correct classification can be further improved to 92.5%. In addition, the right-lateralization of contraction anisocoria that was observed in participants with typical development was not observed in those with ASDs. Further studies are necessary to understand the origin and implications of these observations. It is anticipated that as potential biomarkers, these pupillary light reflex measurements will advance our understanding of neurodevelopmental differences in the autism brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Fan

Miles

Takahashi

et al. 2009

J Autism Dev Disord

103

122

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“…2) is the response of the pupil to a bright flash of light, involving rapid contraction followed by dilation back to original size. This reflex has been used as a neurological screening tool for disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and trauma [95][96][97][98]. Since it is mainly a parasympathetic cholinergic response [99], the pupil light reflex could also possibly be affected if central cholinergic depletion in AD extends to the parasympathetic oculomotor system.…”

Section: (Figure 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease

Frost

Martins

Kanagasingam

2010

JAD

100

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized clinically by a progressive decline in memory, learning and executive function and neuropathologically by the presence of cerebral amyloid deposits. Despite a century of research, there is still no cure or conclusive pre-mortem diagnosis for the disease. A number of symptom-modifying drugs for AD have been developed, but their efficacy is minimal and short-lived. AD cognitive symptoms arise only after significant, irreversible neural deterioration has occurred, hence there is an urgent need to detect AD early, before the onset of cognitive symptoms. An accurate, early diagnostic test for AD would enable current and future treatments to be more effective, as well as contribute to the development of new treatments.While most AD related pathology occurs in the brain, the disease has also been reported to affect the eye, which is more accessible for imaging than the brain. AD-related proteins exist in the normal human eye and may produce ocular pathology in AD. There is some homology between the retinal and cerebral vasculatures and the retina also contains nerve cells and fibers that form a sensory extension of the brain. The eye is the only place in the body where vasculature or neural tissue is available for non-invasive optical imaging. This article presents a review of current literature on ocular morphology in AD and discusses the potential for an ocular based screening test for AD.

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“…In addition, other qualities can be measured, e.g., the velocity of information transmission of the optic pathway, which diminishes in various neurologic diseases [1,17]. In standard automated perimetry, the spatial resolution of retinal function can be tested precisely [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%