Pupillary response as a general measure of activation

Nunnally, Jum C.; Knott, Paul D.; Duchnowski, Albert J.; Parker, R.

doi:10.3758/bf03210310

Cited by 144 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, painfully loud sounds increase muscle tension causing larger pupil size (Nunnally, Knott, Duchnowski, & Parker, 1967). Similar findings were obtained when observers expected to hear a gunshot.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Portrait hemispheric laterality measured using pupil diameter and aesthetic judgments.

Hayes¹,

Muday²,

Schirillo³

2013

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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Eckhard Hess's claim that pupils dilate to pleasant images and constdct to unpleasant images was confounded because of inconsistent contrasts and luminances across his images. Building upon the work of Powell and Schirillo (2011) that explored multiple portraits by Rembrandt, we offer a new and promising methodology that overcomes this limitation. We presented leftward-or dghtward-facing female and male portraits by 12 artists from various epochs to observers in either their odginal or mirror-reversed positions. Simultaneously, we asked observers to report how (dis)pleasing they found each image while measudng their pupil size. We found that pupil diameter was a function of arousal only while viewing male portraits. That is, for male images rated both low and high in pleasantness, larger pupil diameters were obtained. We postulate that our findings may be the result of the perceived dominance of males and how hemisphedc laterality may ddve emotional expression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Portrait hemispheric laterality measured using pupil diameter and aesthetic judgments.

Hayes¹,

Muday²,

Schirillo³

2013

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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show abstract

“…The lack of a relationship between pupil diameter and rated pleasantness of words in Experiment 2 is in agreement with results reported by Paivio & Simpson (1966). It can be argued that the words were not provocative enough to produce the dilation responses since there is a considerable amount of recent evidence that dilation is closely associated with stimuli or tasks which produce or require arousal (Beatty & Kahneman, 1966;Kahneman & Beatty, 1966Nunnally, Knott, Duchnowski, & Parker, 1967;Paivio & Simpson, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The question of stimulus content and pupil size

Peavler

McLaughlin

1967

Psychon Sci

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“…Although various sound-containing stimuli induce pupillary dilation, effects are nominal (19) or very brief (1) and show rapid habituation (1,19,61). Notably, one study failed to detect dilation at decibel levels comparable with that used in this study (53). To investigate this question further, subsequent studies could examine the effects of musically enhanced bird song in subjects maintained under conditions of near darkness (6,20) or in the totally blind (42), as has been done for other nonphotic stimuli, or could test subjects in the paradigm used by Cajochen et al (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

An arousing, musically enhanced bird song stimulus mediates circadian rhythm phase advances in dim light

Goel¹

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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A musically enhanced bird song stimulus presented in the early subjective night phase delays human circadian rhythms. This study determined the phase-shifting effects of the same stimulus in the early subjective day. Eleven subjects (ages 18–63 yr; mean ± SD: 28.0 ± 16.6 yr) completed two 4-day laboratory sessions in constant dim light (<20 lux). They received two consecutive presentations of either a 2-h musically enhanced bird song or control stimulus from 0600 to 0800 on the second and third mornings while awake. The 4-day sessions employing either the stimulus or control were counterbalanced. Core body temperature (CBT) was collected throughout the study, and salivary melatonin was obtained every 30 min from 1900 to 2330 on the baseline and poststimulus/postcontrol nights. Dim light melatonin onset and CBT minimum circadian phase before and after stimulus or control presentation was assessed. The musically enhanced bird song stimulus produced significantly larger phase advances of the circadian melatonin (mean ± SD: 0.87 ± 0.36 vs. 0.24 ± 0.22 h) and CBT (1.08 ± 0.50 vs. 0.43 ± 0.37 h) rhythms than the control. The stimulus also decreased fatigue and total mood disturbance, suggesting arousing effects. This study shows that a musically enhanced bird song stimulus presented during the early subjective day phase advances circadian rhythms. However, it remains unclear whether the phase shifts are due directly to effects of the stimulus on the clock or are arousal- or dim light-mediated effects. This nonphotic stimulus mediates circadian resynchronization in either the phase advance or delay direction.

show abstract

Pupillary response as a general measure of activation

Cited by 144 publications

References 6 publications

Portrait hemispheric laterality measured using pupil diameter and aesthetic judgments.

Portrait hemispheric laterality measured using pupil diameter and aesthetic judgments.

The question of stimulus content and pupil size

An arousing, musically enhanced bird song stimulus mediates circadian rhythm phase advances in dim light

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