Puppy growth rate during early periods of labrador retriever development: role of litter size and photoperiod of birth

Alberghina, Daniela; Gioè, Mauro; Quartuccio, Marco; Majolino, Giovanni; Liotta, Luigi

doi:10.1080/1828051x.2020.1863869

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Overall, the growth rate in our population over the first week was consistent with previous studies in dogs [ 3 , 36 ]. During the first two days of life, mean growth rates were positive ( Table 1 ), meaning that most puppies gained weight during their early life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Relative Impact of Birth Weight and Early Growth on Neonatal Mortality in Puppies

Mugnier

Gaillard

Chastant-Maillard

2023

Animals

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Puppy survival during their first weeks of life can be improved, and early detection of puppies with increased mortality risk is one of the keys to success. In the canine species, the few studies on this subject focused on birth weight, which reflects intrauterine growth. The present work aimed to explore the interconnections between birth weight, early growth and survival until two months of life in the canine species. In total, data from 8550 puppies born in 127 French breeding kennels were analysed. Five different growth rates were calculated to reflect the growth of puppies during their first week of life. Low-birth-weight puppies had lower growth than normal-birth-weight puppies over the first two days of life but higher growth rates thereafter. Growth-rate thresholds allowing the identification of puppies at higher risk of mortality during their first two months of life were lower for low-birth-weight puppies. These thresholds will help breeders and veterinarians to identify puppies at risk with particular needs for monitoring and nursing to improve their chances of survival.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Relative Impact of Birth Weight and Early Growth on Neonatal Mortality in Puppies

Mugnier

Gaillard

Chastant-Maillard

2023

Animals

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“…The positive relationship between the weight of the dam and the birth weight of the puppies observed in the current study has been recognized as a factor that might affect puppies' development (55), and similar results have been reported in livestock. In lambs, the weight of the ewes significantly affected the birth weight of lambs due to maternal nutrition.…”

Section: Birth Weightsupporting

confidence: 90%

Uterine dynamics, blood profiles, and electronic fetal monitoring of primiparous and multiparous bitches classified according to their weight

Lezama-García,

Martínez-Burnes,

Baqueiro-Espinosa

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Perinatal mortality occurs in all species. In dogs, mortality rates have been reported to range from 5 to 35%. Electronic fetal and uterine monitoring has recently been used in domestic animals to monitor the mother and newborn before and during parturition. In this way, the fetal heart rate and uterine dynamics can be monitored. This study evaluated the uterine dynamics of bitches with different weights and parity. Ninety-six bitches and their 476 puppies were divided into four experimental groups containing 24 individuals each (12 primiparous bitches and 12 multiparous bitches), according to body weight: G1 (4–8 kg), G2 (8.1–16 kg), G3 (16.1 to 32 kg), and G4 (32.1 to 39.6 kg). The fetal heart rate decelerations (dip 2 patterns), uterine dynamics, and bitches’ blood profiles were evaluated, including levels of glucose, lactate, pCO2, pO2, pH, HCO3−, and Ca++. The dam weight can affect the vitality of newborns and the uterine dynamics, with differences in the frequency, intensity, and duration of myometrial contractions. The expulsion interval between puppies was longest in primiparous bitches with low weight and shortest in multiparous bitches with high weight. The expulsion interval and the number of stillborn females were higher in primiparous bitches with high weight. Newborn male puppies were significantly heavier than newborn females.

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“…Они предполагают, что каждый последующий помет увеличивает период щенности, а количество щенков в помете, наоборот, уменьшает [Hare,Leighton, 2006].Заслуживают внимания данные, полученные в ходе изучения влияния гендерной принадлежности на различные показатели воспроизводства, в том числе на живую массу потомства при рождении. Часть ученых отрицает зависимость показателей живой массы от гендерной принадлежности[Alberghina et al, 2020], однако отдельные исследователи считают, что щенки мужского пола рождаются с большей на 5-10% массой тела, чем суки[Mila et al, 2015.Borge, Tønnessen, Nødtvedt и Indrebø сообщают, что величина животных данной породы, возраст суки и метод вязки влияют на многоплодие у чистопородных собак, отмечая величину животных данной породы как наиболее определяющий фактор[Borge et al, 2010].…”

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Influence of the age of German shepherd female on reproductive indicators

Semenov¹,

Poptsova²

2022

Вест. ПГУ. Биол.

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The article presents the results of a study of reproductive indicators in female German Shepherd dogs in terms of age changes: litter size (multiple pregnancies), duration of pregnancy, live weight of puppies. For a sample of 158 breeding dogs, the mean multiple pregnancy for the entire sample was 5.8 ± 0.018 puppies per 123 fruitful matings. The authors found out that the litter size varied depending on the age of the females. During the study period, the least number of litters consisted of one and ten puppies, respectively, three and one; also 6 litters consisted of two puppies, 9 consisted of 3 puppies, 15 litters each numbering 4, 7 and 8 puppies, 23 litters of 5 puppies, 25 litters of 6 puppies, 7 litters of 9 puppies, 4 litters of 11 puppies. The maximum litter size of 11 puppies was recorded in dogs aged 3, 4 and 6 years, the minimum litter size consisting of one puppy was recorded in dogs aged 5 and 6 years. There was a trend towards a decrease in the period of pregnancy with an increase in the age of the dog, which was significant in comparison between the age groups of 2 and 7 years. Also, a high safety of offspring was noted in all the studied age periods, which was in the range from 92.75 to 100%, separately for litters with the number of puppies 2-6, the safety was 100%, for multiple litters with the number of puppies 7-11 heads, this indicator was 98.05% . Statistically significant differences were registered in terms of multiple pregnancy at the age of 2 and 3 years and at the age of 7 and 8 years, at (P < 0.05).

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Puppy growth rate during early periods of labrador retriever development: role of litter size and photoperiod of birth

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Relative Impact of Birth Weight and Early Growth on Neonatal Mortality in Puppies

Relative Impact of Birth Weight and Early Growth on Neonatal Mortality in Puppies

Uterine dynamics, blood profiles, and electronic fetal monitoring of primiparous and multiparous bitches classified according to their weight

Influence of the age of German shepherd female on reproductive indicators

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