Pure Neuropsychiatric Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis

Bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis

“…It is worth mentioning that unlike depression, which generally presents with anxious symptoms and irritability in MS patients, mania seems not to present with specifi c features in these patients 1,8,9 . Apart from neurological signs and symptoms, which may be present in MS patients, psychopathology regarding mania remains almost the same of non-MS subjects: excess of energy, talkativeness, psychomotor agitation, uninhibited behavior, sleeplessness, and impulsivity are mostly common.…”

“…Although much less likely, previous studies addressed this possibility. Hutchinson et al 7 reported on seven MS patients with BD prior to the onset of MS. More recently, Asghar-Ali et al 8 reported two patients presenting manic and depressive symptoms who were diagnosed with MS without exhibiting any motor, sensory or autonomic symptoms during follow-up. These case reports highlight the view that psychiatric symptoms may be a presenting fi nding of MS and may occur in up to 1% of the patients 9 .…”

Psychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

“…Diaz-Olavarrieta et al [7] evaluated 44 MS patients who were stable between relapses and found neuropsychiatric symptoms in 95% of them, the most common being depression (79%), agitation (40%), anxiety (37%), irritability (35%), apathy (20%), euphoria (13%), disinhibition (13%), hallucinations (10%), aberrant motor behavior (9%), and delusions (7%). Asghar-Ali et al [8] described two patients, without a previous history of psychiatric disorders, were first thought to have bipolar disorder, but were diagnosed as MS after brain MRI and CSF examinations. Another interesting finding is that the percentage of psychiatric patients with white matter abnormalities recorded by MRI consistent with MS is almost 15 times the reported prevalence of MS in the United States [9].…”

Bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis: comorbidity and risk factors

“…Por ser a droga ilícita mais usada no mundo, o estudo de tais déficits é de extrema importância. 1 De forma sumária, os autores sugerem que o uso crônico da cannabis causa alterações que podem ser persistentes, mesmo após a cessação do uso, em diversas funções cognitivas. Estes efeitos seriam ainda piores em usuários pesados e com início do uso na adolescência.…”

“…Rarely, MS may initially present itself as a manic syndrome, similar to that observed in bipolar disorder (BD). 1 We report a patient diagnosed with BD who was later diagnosed with MS. The possibility of mania as a symptom or comorbidity of MS was examined in this case report to assess possible risk factors.…”