Pure perceptual-based sequence learning.

Remillard, Gilbert

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.29.4.581

Cited by 106 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…This observation of implicit pure perceptual-based sequence learning is in accord with previous behavioral results (Remillard, 2003(Remillard, , 2009Goschke and Bolte, 2007;Abrahamse et al, 2008Abrahamse et al, , 2009. In most of the previous studies, volunteers implicitly learned a sequence of stimulus locations, which could entail the oculomotor system and therefore might also at least partially involve motor learning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Functional Dissociation of Hippocampal Mechanism during Implicit Learning Based on the Domain of Associations

Rose¹,

Haider²,

Salari³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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Traditionally, the medial temporal lobe (MTL) was linked to explicit or declarative memory in associative learning. However, recent studies have reported MTL involvement even when volunteers are not consciously aware of the learned contingencies. Therefore, the mechanism of the MTL-related learning process cannot be described sufficiently by the explicit/implicit distinction, and the underlying process in the MTL for associative learning needs a more functional characterization. A possible feature that would allow a functional specification also for implicit learning is the nature of the material that is learned. Given that implicit memory tasks often comprise a combination of perceptual and motor learning, we hypothesized that implicit learning of the perceptual but not the motor component entails MTL activation in these studies. To directly test this hypothesis, we designed a purely perceptual and a purely motor variant of the serial reaction time task. In two groups of human volunteers, behavioral results clearly showed that both variants were learned without awareness. Neuronal recordings using fMRI revealed that bilateral hippocampal activation was observed only for implicit learning of the perceptual sequence, not for the motor sequence. This dissociation clearly shows that the functional role of the hippocampus for learning is determined by the domain of the learned association and that the function of the medial temporal lobe system is the processing of contingencies between perceptual features regardless of the explicit or implicit nature of the ensuing memory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Functional Dissociation of Hippocampal Mechanism during Implicit Learning Based on the Domain of Associations

Rose¹,

Haider²,

Salari³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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“…The classic and most often employed version however uses spatially oriented targets. For spatial targets, some studies have shown that purely perceptual sequence learning does occur (Howard et al, 1992;Mayr, 1996;Remillard, 2003) while some studies have shown that it does not (Willingham et al, 1989;Willingham, 1999;Kelly and Burton, 2001). In instances where perceptual learning has been found to occur, it has been unclear whether increases in performance were in fact attributable to perceptual learning, or were reflections of spontaneous increases in explicit awareness or oculomotor sequence learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Perceptual sequence learning in a serial reaction time task

Song

Howard

2008

Exp Brain Res

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In the serial reaction time task (SRTT), a sequence of visuo-spatial cues instructs subjects to perform a sequence of movements which follow a repeating pattern. Though motor responses are known to support implicit sequence learning in this task, the goal of the present experiments is to determine whether observation of the sequence of cues alone can also yield evidence of implicit sequence learning. This question has been difficult to answer because in previous research, performance improvements which appeared to be due to implicit perceptual sequence learning could also be due to spontaneous increases in explicit knowledge of the sequence. The present experiments use probabilistic sequences to prevent the spontaneous development of explicit awareness. They include a training phase, during which half of the subjects observe and the other half respond, followed by a transfer phase in which everyone responds. Results show that observation alone can support sequence learning, which translates at transfer into equivalent performance as that of a group who made motor responses during training. However, perceptual learning or its expression is sensitive to changes in target colors, and its expression is impaired by concurrent explicit search. Motor-response based learning is not affected by these manipulations. Thus, observation alone can support implicit sequence learning, even of higher order probabilistic sequences. However, perceptual learning can be prevented or concealed by variations of stimuli or task demands.

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“…They respond faster to targets appearing in more predictable locations, either because these target locations have higher marginal frequencies (Geng & Behrmann, 2002Jones & Kaschak, 2012) or because they are linked to stronger transition probabilities (Remillard, 2003(Remillard, , 2009). We therefore expected that being able to predict location transitions would serve as an endogenous cue, resulting in increased activity in regions associated with recruitment and directing of spatial attention, specifically the bilateral intraparietal sulcus and the frontal eye fields (see Corbetta &Shulman, 2002, andalso Szczepanski &Kastner, 2013, for recent review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictability of what or where reduces brain activity, but a bottleneck occurs when both are predictable

Davis

Hasson

2018

NeuroImage

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Detecting regularities in the sensory environment licenses predictions that enable adaptive behaviour. However, it is unclear whether predictions about object category, location, or both dimensions are mediated by overlapping systems, and relatedly, whether constructing predictions about both category and location is associated with processing bottlenecks. To examine this issue, in an fMRI study, we presented participants with image-series in which non-deterministic transition probabilities enabled predictions about either the location of the next image, its semantic category, both dimensions, or neither (the latter forming a "no-regularity" random baseline condition). Speaking to a common system, all three predictable conditions resulted in reduced BOLD activity in four clusters: left rostral anterior cingulate cortex; bilateral putamen, caudate and thalamus; right precentral gyrus, and left visual cortex. Pointing to a processing bottleneck, in some regions, a significant interaction between the two factors was found whereby category-predictable series were associated with lower activity -but only when location regularity was absent. Finally, category regularity decreased activation in areas of the ventral visual stream and semantic areas of lateral temporal cortex, and location regularity decreased activation in a dorsal fronto-parietal cluster, long implicated in the endogenous control of spatial attention. Our findings confirm and expand a role for dACC/dmPFC and striatum in monitoring or responding to uncertainty in the environment and point to a limited capacity bottleneck when multiple predictions are concurrently licensed.

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Pure perceptual-based sequence learning.

Cited by 106 publications

References 88 publications

Functional Dissociation of Hippocampal Mechanism during Implicit Learning Based on the Domain of Associations

Functional Dissociation of Hippocampal Mechanism during Implicit Learning Based on the Domain of Associations

Perceptual sequence learning in a serial reaction time task

Predictability of what or where reduces brain activity, but a bottleneck occurs when both are predictable

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