Pure possibilities and some striking scientific discoveries

Gilead, Amihud

doi:10.1007/s10698-013-9190-4

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, as a psychological subject the person called James Joyce was a singular being. In a substantial sense 1 These assumptions are established, explained, and elaborated in a special possibilist metaphysical theory called "panenmentalism" (Gilead 1999(Gilead , 2003(Gilead , 2005(Gilead , 2009(Gilead , 2010(Gilead , 2011(Gilead , 2013a(Gilead , and 2013b). Yet, in this paper, they are discussed independently of this metaphysics, which may appear to leave them somewhat unsupported by extensive and detailed arguments.…”

Section: My Psychophysical Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?

Gilead

2020

Synthese Library

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Immunologists use psychological and cognitive terms to describe and explain the behavior of our immune system. Do they use them metaphorically or literally? In this paper I show that on the grounds of some psychophysical assumptions, the uniqueness of each person (or self) as an individual organism necessarily corresponds to the singularity of each person as a psychological subject. On the basis of these assumptions, immunologists, irrespective of their various conceptual frames, are entitled to ascribe psychological and cognitive traits to our immune system and its behavior. Immunologists are allowed to do so because each immune system of any higher, unique individual organism corresponds to psychological traits, which are ascribable only to persons, each of whom is a singular being. This correspondence is necessarily compatible with the psychophysical unity or inseparability. Furthermore, the psychological or cognitive traits pertain to the immune system require no consciousness. In the case of artificial immune systems, in contrast, the application of psychological or cognitive terms is only metaphorical, for each such system is not unique but it is duplicable or replicable. Only the immune system of unique individual organisms that as psychological subjects are singular beings-i.e. persons-can be subject, literally or non-metaphorically, to psychological and cognitive terms.

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Section: My Psychophysical Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panenmentalism is a metaphysical theory about individual pure possibilities and their actualities (Gilead 1999(Gilead , 2003(Gilead , 2005(Gilead , 2009(Gilead , 2010(Gilead , 2011(Gilead , 2013a(Gilead , and 2013b The combination actual-physical requires some explanation.…”

Section: Appendix Immunology and Panenmentalism: Why Does Our Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?

Gilead

2020

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“…In contrast, an actualist view-according to which nothing but the actual exists-as this view is also deterministic (e.g., Spinoza's philosophy), it is not compatible with free choice and with free will. As panenmentalism defends the possibilities of free will and free choice, moral responsibility gains a strong support theory conveys to natural sciences, see Gilead, 2013;2014a;2014b;2015a;2015b;and 2016. from panenmentalism, according to which the possibilities that we did not choose are no less real than the ones we did. Thus, we normally enjoy a real free choice between real possibilities.…”

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“…In various publications of (Gilead, 2013;2014a;2014b;2015a;2015b), he has referred to some of these amazing, sometimes even shocking or tragic, phenomena. The dogmatically harsh reaction of Pauling to Shechtman's discovery of quasi-crystals ("There are no quasi-crystals, there are quasi-scientists!")…”

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Stanley Milgram’s Experiments and the Saving of the Possibility of Disobedience

Gilead

2016

Journal of Social Sciences

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Abstract:Milgram's experiments have exposed the bitter truth that, against their moral standards, the great majority of subjects actually obey malevolent authorities and are ready to cause great suffering, even death, to innocent victims. The reason for such unexpected and shocking behavior can be perfectly explained in the light of panenmentalist philosophy, according to which individual pure possibilities and their relations are as real as actualities and, normally, persons are free to choose between alternative pure possibilities in whatsoever circumstances. Whenever persons ignore the singular individuality of other people, such persons can cause most evil, entirely immoral deeds, to the others simply because impersonal authorities order them to do so. Hence, panenmentalism reveals the philosophical conditions upon which obedience or defiance to malevolent authority is possible.

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What Are Individual Pure Possibilities and for What Are They Good?

Gilead

2020

Synthese Library

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Pure possibilities and some striking scientific discoveries

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?

Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?

Stanley Milgram’s Experiments and the Saving of the Possibility of Disobedience

What Are Individual Pure Possibilities and for What Are They Good?

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Pure possibilities and some striking scientific discoveries

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?

Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?

Stanley Milgram&rsquo;s Experiments and the Saving of the Possibility of Disobedience

What Are Individual Pure Possibilities and for What Are They Good?

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Stanley Milgram’s Experiments and the Saving of the Possibility of Disobedience