Purification and characterisation of lipoglycan macroamphiphiles from Propionibacterium acnes

Whale, Gary A; Sutcliffe, Iain C.; Morrisson, A.R.; Pretswell, E; Emmison, Neil

doi:10.1023/b:anto.0000024911.67625.27

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It should be noted that several studies reported the presence of a cell wall-associated polysaccharide of P. acnes that can partially be extracted by phenol extraction [35-37]. Such a cell wall polysaccharide was further described as a lipidated macroamphiphile; this lipoglycan cell envelope component of P. acnes was found to have a lipid anchor and a polysaccharide moiety containing mannose, glucose and galactose, and probably diaminohexuronic acid [38]. We strongly suspect that the lipoglycan of P. acnes is distinct from the EPS of P. avidum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics reveals distinct host-interacting traits of three major human-associated propionibacteria

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPropionibacteria are part of the human microbiota. Many studies have addressed the predominant colonizer of sebaceous follicles of the skin, Propionibacterium acnes, and investigated its association with the skin disorder acne vulgaris, and lately with prostate cancer. Much less is known about two other propionibacterial species frequently found on human tissue sites, Propionibacterium granulosum and Propionibacterium avidum. Here we analyzed two and three genomes of P. granulosum and P. avidum, respectively, and compared them to two genomes of P. acnes; we further highlight differences among the three cutaneous species with proteomic and microscopy approaches.ResultsElectron and atomic force microscopy revealed an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-like structure surrounding P. avidum cells, that is absent in P. acnes and P. granulosum. In contrast, P. granulosum possesses pili-like appendices, which was confirmed by surface proteome analysis. The corresponding genes were identified; they are clustered with genes encoding sortases. Both, P. granulosum and P. avidum lack surface or secreted proteins for predicted host-interacting factors of P. acnes, including several CAMP factors, sialidases, dermatan-sulphate adhesins, hyaluronidase and a SH3 domain-containing lipoprotein; accordingly, only P. acnes exhibits neuraminidase and hyaluronidase activities. These functions are encoded on previously unrecognized island-like regions in the genome of P. acnes.ConclusionsDespite their omnipresence on human skin little is known about the role of cutaneous propionibacteria. All three species are associated with a variety of diseases, including postoperative and device-related abscesses and infections. We showed that the three organisms have evolved distinct features to interact with their human host. Whereas P. avidum and P. granulosum produce an EPS-like surface structure and pili-like appendices, respectively, P. acnes possesses a number of unique surface-exposed proteins with host-interacting properties. The different surface properties of the three cutaneous propionibacteria are likely to determine their colonizing ability and pathogenic potential on the skin and at non-skin sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics reveals distinct host-interacting traits of three major human-associated propionibacteria

et al. 2013

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“…First, bacterial-derived proteins, such as lipoglycans of the Gram-positive cell envelope or the heat shock proteins are known TLR ligands. To date, several P. acnes cell envelope components such as GroEL and DnaK (Farrar et al, 2000) or lipoglycans (Whale et al, 2004) have been identified. Moreover, Graham et al (2004) have showed that P. acnes GroEL is able to upregulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine production of keratinocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Strains of Propionibacterium acnes Induce Selective Human β-Defensin-2 and Interleukin-8 Expression in Human Keratinocytes Through Toll-Like Receptors

Nagy

Pivarcsi

Koreck

et al. 2005

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

316

305

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Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicle. One of the main pathogenetic factors in acne is the increased proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) in the pilosebaceous unit. We investigated whether direct interaction of P. acnes with keratinocytes might be involved in the inflammation and ductal hypercornification in acne. The capacities of different P. acnes strains to activate the innate immune response and the growth of cultured keratinocytes were investigated. We have found that two clinical isolates of P. acnes significantly induced human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression; in contrast a third clinical isolate and the reference strain (ATCC11828) had no effect on hBD2 mRNA expression. In contrast, all four strains significantly induced the interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression. The P. acnes-induced increase in hBD2 and IL-8 gene expression could be inhibited by anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and anti-TLR4 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that P. acnes-induced secretion of soluble factors in keratinocytes are both TLR2 and TLR4 dependent. In addition, the clinical isolate P. acnes (889) was capable of inducing keratinocyte cell growth in vitro. Our findings suggest that P. acnes modulates the antimicrobial peptide and chemokine expression of keratinocytes and thereby contributes to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the sites of infections.

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“…In response to bacterial lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and diacylated lipoproteins, CD36 associates with TLR-2/6 [24],[27]. Although it does not express LTA, P. acnes expresses a closely related amphiphilic antigen, a lipoglycan containing mannosyl, glucosyl, galactosyl residues, and an amino sugar, diaminohexuronic acid [28],[29]. We observed that, blocking CD36 with a monoclonal anti-CD36 antibody in P. acnes -stimulated keratinocytes, significantly decreases both the level of O 2 •− and that of IL-8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Superoxide Anions by Keratinocytes Initiates P. acnes-Induced Inflammation of the Skin

et al. 2009

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Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous follicles. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a gram-positive anareobic bacterium, plays a critical role in the development of these inflammatory lesions. This study aimed at determining whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by keratinocytes upon P. acnes infection, dissecting the mechanism of this production, and investigating how this phenomenon integrates in the general inflammatory response induced by P. acnes. In our hands, ROS, and especially superoxide anions (O2 •−), were rapidly produced by keratinocytes upon stimulation by P. acnes surface proteins. In P. acnes-stimulated keratinocytes, O2 •− was produced by NAD(P)H oxidase through activation of the scavenger receptor CD36. O2 •− was dismuted by superoxide dismutase to form hydrogen peroxide which was further detoxified into water by the GSH/GPx system. In addition, P. acnes-induced O2 •− abrogated P. acnes growth and was involved in keratinocyte lysis through the combination of O2 •− with nitric oxide to form peroxynitrites. Finally, retinoic acid derivates, the most efficient anti-acneic drugs, prevent O2 •− production, IL-8 release and keratinocyte apoptosis, suggesting the relevance of this pathway in humans.

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Purification and characterisation of lipoglycan macroamphiphiles from Propionibacterium acnes

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Comparative genomics reveals distinct host-interacting traits of three major human-associated propionibacteria

Comparative genomics reveals distinct host-interacting traits of three major human-associated propionibacteria

Distinct Strains of Propionibacterium acnes Induce Selective Human β-Defensin-2 and Interleukin-8 Expression in Human Keratinocytes Through Toll-Like Receptors

Production of Superoxide Anions by Keratinocytes Initiates P. acnes-Induced Inflammation of the Skin

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