Purification and characterization of a neurotoxic phospholipase A2 from Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) venom

Bhat, Manoj Kumar; Prasad, Bhaskarjyoti; Gowda, T. Veerabasappa

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90121-7

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…whereas there was only one (minor) neutral phospholipase A 2 (peak 3) in the non-spitting N. kaouthia venom. Basic phospholipases A 2 are known to be involved in many pharmacological actions of cobra venoms including myotoxicity, cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and edema-inducing activities (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Also, we note that all three Southeast Asian spitting cobra venoms contained a substantial amount (30-40%) of polypeptide cardiotoxins (Table 3).…”

Section: In N Siamensis)mentioning

confidence: 74%

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Yap

Tan

Fung

2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis.

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The lethal and enzymatic activities of venom from Naja sumatrana (Equatorial spitting cobra) were determined and compared to venoms from three other Southeast Asian cobras (Naja sputatrix, Naja siamensis and Naja kaouthia). All four venoms exhibited the common characteristic enzymatic activities of Asiatic cobra venoms: low protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and L-amino acid oxidase activities, moderately high acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase activities and high phospholipase A 2. Fractionation of N. sumatrana venom by Resource® S cation exchange chromatography (GE Healthcare, USA) yielded nine major protein peaks, with all except the acidic protein peak being lethal to mice. Most of the protein peaks exhibit enzymatic activities, and L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acetylcholinesterase, 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase exist in multiple forms. Comparison of the Resource® S chromatograms of the four cobra venoms clearly indicates that the protein composition of N. sumatrana venom is distinct from venoms of the other two spitting cobras, N. sputatrix (Javan spitting cobra) and N. siamensis (Indochinese spitting cobra). The results support the revised systematics of the Asiatic cobra based on multivariate analysis of morphological characters. The three spitting cobra venoms exhibit two common features: the presence of basic, potentially pharmacologically active phospholipases A 2 and a high content of polypeptide cardiotoxin, suggesting that the pathophysiological actions of the three spitting cobra venoms may be similar.

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Section: In N Siamensis)mentioning

confidence: 74%

Untitled

Yap

Tan

Fung

2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis.

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“…The alkaloid also inhibits the edema inducing activity of TFV PL-X but on the other hand it enhances the edema inducing activity ofTFV PL-la and TFV PL-lb PLA2 enzymes [23]. Further two neurotoxic PLA2s, NNIVb-PLA 2 and NN-Vb-PLA2 devoid of edema inducing activity have been isolated from Naja naja naja venom [24,25]. Chlorpromazine failed to inhibit the edema inducing activity of VRV-PL-VIIIa enzyme indicating that the edema inducing property may not be always related to the PLA2 activity and different mechanisms may be involved in the edema inducing activity of PLA 2 enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chlorpromazine on the enzymatic and toxic properties of the most basic phospholipase A2 fromVipera russelli snake venom

Babu

Gowda

1995

Inflamm Res

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The effect of chlorpromazine on various biological activities of phospholipase A2 VRV-PL-VIIIa from Vipera russelli snake venom was investigated. The drug inhibited the in vitro phospholipase A2 activity of the enzyme by 55%. The ID50 was found to be 1.15 microM. Increasing substrate concentration relieved the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity by the drug indicating probable interaction with the substrate. The drug totally quenched the fluorescence intensity of the enzyme. Chlorpromazine increased the LD50 of the enzyme by 1.6 fold. The drug also inhibited hemolytic and anticoagulant potencies but failed to inhibit edema inducing activity and myotoxicity of the enzyme.

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“…This experiment was carried out by employing the method described in the previous report Gowda, 1989 andBhat et al, 1991) which involves the measurements of free fatty acids liberated by the enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of egg-phosphotidyl choline. A set of 7 cleaned and dried vials were taken; to this, 50µl of phosphotidyl choline and 50-200ug of concentrated venom samples were added.…”

Section: Phospholipase A2 Activity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of acute poisoning among children admitted tomaternity and children,teaching hospital,Al Diwaniyah city,Iraq

Hussein

2018

Int. J. Res. Ph. Sci.

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Acute poisoning,a common pediatric emergency,is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children,especially in developing countries. The patterns of poisoning usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country.The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of acute chemical and drug poisoning.cases admitted to the emergency department (ED)ofmaternity and children,teaching hospital in Al- Diwaniyah city and to compare poisoning characteristics between different age groupsin the region. A review of medical records of 125 poisoningcases under 7 years of age, except for cases of food poisoning,snake bite,scorpion stings and cases with incomplete data were not included in this study,presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) during 2016 were determined.The mean age of all poisoned patients (mean ± standard deviation) was 2.26 ± 0.750.One hundred and twenty five children,forming 2.2% (125/5494) of total emergency unit admissions of all patients,were under seven years of age. Slightly more boys 71 (56.8%) than girls 54 (43.2%) were intoxicated with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of all cases were due to accidental poisoning. In patients younger than one year of age 23 (18.4%),of all poisonings were due to therapeutically error,1 – 3 year 47 (37.6%),4 – 7 year 55 (44%). Chemical agents (58.4%) mostly kerosene (30.1%),agriculturalpesticides/insecticides (19.1%),were the most frequent offending agent,followed by drugs comprised (41.6%),mostly due to Cold and cough medication (15.3%),The vast majority of these materials was stored in non-original containers,These drugs were available at home,being used either by the child or the parents and grandparents.The most common route of poisoning was ingestion of the poison (118 patients; 94.4%) and most were ingested inside the house (73.6%). No deaths were reported.There were obvious seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during in summer (42.4%) and spring (29.6%). Patients from rural areas (57.6%) were more than the patients from the urban areas (42.4%). Effective health promotional programs for parents regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase the awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children in our region in addition correct dealing with the chemical materials. A relationship exists between the parents’ level of education and the occurrence of pediatric poisoning particularly mothers. Since the level of education in this study was lower in the mothers and for mothers are those who take primary care of children at home; they should be educated regarding care and prevention of lethal injuries to their children at home.

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Purification and characterization of a neurotoxic phospholipase A2 from Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) venom

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Effects of chlorpromazine on the enzymatic and toxic properties of the most basic phospholipase A2 fromVipera russelli snake venom

Patterns of acute poisoning among children admitted tomaternity and children,teaching hospital,Al Diwaniyah city,Iraq

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