“…A fully lethal RV bite results in injection of 40–45 μg/mL of RVV in an adult human’s blood . WI RVV at all the tested doses exhibited pro-coagulant activity in in vitro conditions (Table and Figure ), attributed to the predominance of pro-coagulant SVMPs and SVSPs (Table and Figure ) in its venom. ,,,, Notably, high-molecular-mass pro-coagulant enzymes (>30 kDa) were separated in GF-1 to GF-4 fractions (Figure A and Table ), which corroborates well with the previous reports. ,,,, Nevertheless, WI RVV proteins in the mass range of 27–6 kDa (GF-5 to GF-8 gel filtration fractions) (Figure B) showed anti-coagulant activity (Table ). The above proteins are mostly PLA 2 s, KSPIs, and disintegrins (Table ), and their anti-coagulant action via enzymatic and/or non-enzymatic mechanism(s) has already been demonstrated. ,,,,,, Despite containing a higher proportion of anti-coagulant proteins (GF-5 to GF-8) compared to pro-coagulant proteins (GF-1 to GF-4) in WI RVV (Table a), in in vitro conditions crude RVV demonstrated pro-coagulant activity because pro-coagulant potency of the high-molecular-weight proteins surpasses the anti-coagulant activity of low-molecular-weight proteins (Table ).…”