Purification and characterization of a short insect toxin from the venom of the scorpion <i>Buthus tamulus</i>

Dhawan, Rishi; Joseph, Suresh K.; Sethi, Anurag; Lala, Anil K.

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03326-4

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…through a combination of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. 18 However, since the carboxylate terminus of 11-MUA has a net negative charge and chlorotoxin has a net positive charge, 19 it is expected that electrostatic interaction plays a primary role in the CTX adsorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electrode surface modification with chlorotoxin on patterning single glioma cells

Asphahani

Zheng

Veiseh

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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A microchip patterned with arrays of single cancer cells can be an effective platform for study of tumor biology, medical diagnostics, and drug screening. However, patterning and retaining viable single cancer cells on defined sites of the microarray can be challenging. In this study we used a tumor cell-specific peptide, chlorotoxin (CTX), to mediate glioma cell ahdesion on arrays of gold microelectrodes and investigated the effects of three surface modification schemes for conjugation of CTX to the microelectrodes on single cell patterning, which include physical adsorption, covalent bonding mediated by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and covalent bonding via crosslinking succinimidyl iodoacetate and Traut’s (SIA-Traut) regents. The CTX immobilization to microelectrodes was confirmed by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Physically adsorbed CTX showed better support for cell adheison and is more effective in confining adhered cells on the electrodes than covalently-bound CTX. Furthermore, cell adhesion and spreading on microelectrodes were quantified in real-time by impedance measurements, which revealed an impedance signal from physically adsorbed CTX electrodes four times greater than the signal from covalently-bound CTX electrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electrode surface modification with chlorotoxin on patterning single glioma cells

Asphahani

Zheng

Veiseh

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Two known Mesob. tamulus peptides26, 27 (BtITx3, BTK‐2) were represented in the 20 most abundant m/z values detected. These two peptides were present in both sources of venom.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass fingerprinting of toxic fractions from the venom of the Indian red scorpion,Mesobuthus tamulus: biotope‐specific variation in the expression of venom peptides

Newton

Clench

Deshmukh

et al. 2007

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The red scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus, is found in two distinct biotopes within the Indian state of Maharastra-a tropical, sea-level biotope and a semi-arid biotope, up to 600 m. Scorpions from these two geographical areas show marked differences in toxicity. Using mass spectrometry, we have shown biotope-specific variation in the expression of peptides from scorpions collected from these two distinct areas. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) were assessed as techniques for obtaining mass fingerprint data. On line LC/ ESI-MS was judged to be the method of choice and unique biotope-specific mass fingerprints, with key diagnostic markers, were obtained.

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“…Further, the low molecular weight insect-selective toxins BtTx3 (3,796 Da) and ButaIT (3,856.7 Da) were identified. These toxins can be developed as insecticidal agents against lepidopteran insect species ( Wudayagiri et al, 2001 ; Dhawan et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Characterization Of Venom and Analyses Of Sequence-structure-functional Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Proteomic Characterization, and Pharmacological Insights of Indian Red Scorpion Venom Toxins

2021

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The Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) is one of the world’s deadliest scorpions, with stings representing a life-threatening medical emergency. This species is distributed throughout the Indian sub-continent, including eastern Pakistan, eastern Nepal, and Sri Lanka. In India, Indian red scorpions are broadly distributed in western Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka; however, fatal envenomations have been recorded primarily in the Konkan region of Maharashtra. The Indian red scorpion venom proteome comprises 110 proteins belonging to 13 venom protein families. The significant pharmacological activity is predominantly caused by the low molecular mass non-enzymatic Na+ and K+ ion channel toxins. Other minor toxins comprise 15.6% of the total venom proteome. Indian red scorpion stings induce the release of catecholamine, which leads to pathophysiological abnormalities in the victim. A strong correlation has been observed between venom proteome composition and local (swelling, redness, heat, and regional lymph node involvement) and systemic (tachycardia, mydriasis, hyperglycemia, hypertension, toxic myocarditis, cardiac failure, and pulmonary edema) manifestations. Immediate administration of antivenom is the preferred treatment for Indian red scorpion stings. However, scorpion-specific antivenoms have exhibited poor immunorecognition and neutralization of the low molecular mass toxins. The proteomic analysis also suggests that Indian red scorpion venom is a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules that may be envisaged as drug prototypes. The following review summarizes the progress made towards understanding the venom proteome of the Indian red scorpion and addresses the current understanding of the pathophysiology associated with its sting.

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Purification and characterization of a short insect toxin from the venom of the scorpion Buthus tamulus

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of electrode surface modification with chlorotoxin on patterning single glioma cells

Effects of electrode surface modification with chlorotoxin on patterning single glioma cells

Mass fingerprinting of toxic fractions from the venom of the Indian red scorpion,Mesobuthus tamulus: biotope‐specific variation in the expression of venom peptides

Biochemical and Proteomic Characterization, and Pharmacological Insights of Indian Red Scorpion Venom Toxins

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