“…To measure the extracellular glucose polymers in biofilms, a phenol-sulfuric acid assay was used with known concentrations of glucose as the standards (Mukasa, et al , 1985, Kumada, et al , 1987, Ausubel, et al , 1992, Werning, et al , 2008). Briefly, 3-day biofilms were grown in BMGS on glass slides in 50 ml tubes as described elsewhere (Phan, et al , 2000, Wen, et al , 2010, Wen, et al , 2010).…”