Purification and characterization of indochrome type blue pigment produced by Pseudarthrobacter sp. 34LCH1 isolated from Atacama desert

Abstract

The interest in and demand for natural dyes has increased significantly in recent years; however, very few natural blue dyes are commercially available, because blue colored compounds in nature are relatively rare. In this study, a blue pigment-producing bacteria from Lake Chungará (Atacama Desert, Chile) was isolated, and its blue pigment was purified and chemically characterized. The pigment-producing strain was identified as Pseudarthrobacter sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The pigment was separated from the filtered culture medium by column chromatography/solid-phase extraction using different resins (ionic exchange, C-18, size exclusion). The strain produced up to 2.5 g L−1 of blue pigment, which was very soluble in water, partially soluble in methanol and insoluble in other organic solvents. The pigment was analyzed and characterized by analytical HPLC, UV–Vis, FT-IR, and H-NMR, and purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The pigment was non-toxic to brine shrimp (LD50 > 2.3 g L−1) and was stable at pH 6–10 at temperatures below 60 °C. HPLC analysis shows that the pigment is composed of four major blue fractions. The physicochemical properties and structural analysis demonstrate that this pigment belongs to the indochrome isomers, whose properties have yet to have been characterized. The high solubility in water, good stability in neutral and basic pH, and negligible toxicity of the blue pigment make it a good candidate suitable for several industrial and possibly some food applications.

Influence of Salt Stress on Growth of Spermosphere Bacterial Communities in Different Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars

“…Interestingly, slightly higher phosphatase activity was detected within the salt-treated spermosphere compared with the untreated spermosphere in our study ( Figure 7C), which may be associated with the increased numbers of Bacillus in these soils. The other salt-induced bacterium, Pseudarthrobacter, are also identified as beneficial bacteria, which can survive in the arid area or hostile environment containing high concentrations of heavy metals [44,45]. Overall, these results suggest that some seed-associated beneficial bacteria have positive effects on the peanuts, which may have implications for alleviating salt stress and enabling seed germination under salt stress conditions.…”

Production, purification, and process optimization of intracellular pigment from novel psychrotolerant Paenibacillus sp. BPW19

“…Another study on the extraction of intracellular yellow pigment from coral-associated bacteria Vibrio owensii TNKJ.CR.24−7 reported a yield of about 1.14 % when isolated with 1-butanol which was comparable with BPW19 strain of this study provided a yield of 3.06 % after purification stating a relatively higher yield [ 76 ]. Comparative representation of the pigment yield of this study along with other recent works had been discussed in Table 6 [ 41 , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] ].…”

“… Pigment Type Species Pigment isolation method Yield References Indochrome type blue pigment Extracellular Pseudarthrobacter sp. Solid-phase extraction 2.5 g/L [ 41 ] Carotenoid like pigment Intracellular Arthrobacter sp. Solvent extraction 0.84 g/L [ 77 ] Violacein Intracellular Janthinobacterium sp.…”

“…They also contain different biological properties like antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and anti-carcinogenic properties which makes them suitable for the food and pharmaceutical industries [ 30 ]. Apart from food and pharmaceuticals, bacterial pigments have application in several fields such as pigment pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa as textile dye [ 31 ], phycocyanin from Nostoc linckia for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles [ 32 ], prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens for the synthesis of dye-sensitized solar cells [ 33 ], Violacein from Chromobacterium violaceum as immunostimulator with potential to be applied in immune therapies [ 34 ] and many others as listed in Table 1 [ [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ]. The applicability of bacterial pigment in various industries displays its potential to compete commercially with the existing synthetic pigments in the market.…”

Purification and optimization of pink pigment produced by newly isolated bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. PWN1

“…Bacteria producing pigments can be found in a wide variety of habitats ranging from oceans to rhizospheric soil [4], Antarctic regions [2] to desert areas [5] from tree bark to insect gut [6]. The bacterial strains responsible for the production of pigments are as vast and diverse as their niche.…”