Purification and primary structural characterization of prophenoloxidases from Aedes aegypti larvae

Li, Junsuo S.; Kim, Seong Ruyl; Christensen, Bruce M.; Li, Jianyong

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.07.001

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…2C), but the mRNA level was not high enough to be detected by Northern analyses. Also, the PPO6 gene has been shown to be generally expressed during larval and pupal development (18). PPO7, however, was not detected using either RT-PCR or Northern analyses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mosquito RUNX4 in the immune regulation of PPO gene expression and its effect on avian malaria parasite infection

Zou

Shin

Alvarez

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Prophenoloxidases (PPOs) are key enzymes of the melanization reaction, which is a prominent defense mechanism of arthropods. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has ten PPO genes in the genome, four of which (PPO1, PPO3, PPO5, and PPO8) were expressed in response to microbial infection. Cactus depletion resulted in transcriptional activation of these four genes, suggesting this upregulation to be under the control of the Toll pathway. The silencing of Cactus also led to developmental arrest and death of the avian malaria parasite, Plasmodium gallinaceum. We discovered that RUNT-related transcription factor 4 (RUNX4), the orthologue of Drosophila Lozenge, bound to the RUNT binding motif in the promoter of mosquito PPO genes and stimulated the expression of Drosophila PPO-A1 and PPO3 in S2 cell line. The immune effects caused by Cactus depletion were eliminated by double knockdown of Cactus/RUNX4. These findings suggest that RUNX4 regulates PPO gene expression under the control of the Toll pathway and plays a critical role in restricting parasite development.immune pathways ͉ prophenoloxidase ͉ RUNX transcription factor

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mosquito RUNX4 in the immune regulation of PPO gene expression and its effect on avian malaria parasite infection

Zou

Shin

Alvarez

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…aegypti prophenoloxidase 3 (AePPO3; Li et al, 2005). In fact, As-pro-PO III shares several similar characters in gene expression and gene structure with AePPO3 (AePPO3 gene structure was obtained from website http://www.ensembl.org/index.html).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armigeres subalbatus prophenoloxidase III: Cloning, characterization and potential role in morphogenesis

Tsao¹,

Lin²,

Christensen

et al. 2009

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…The invariable catalytic activity of POs (conversion of tyrosine to melanin) is likely to restrict their functional diversification, suggesting that observed expansions may reflect diversification to accommodate differential developmental, topological, or temporal activation. Indeed, several Aa and Ag PPOs show developmental or physiological specificity (35,36).…”

Section: Fig 2 Evolution Of Immune Signaling Phases In Insects (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes

Waterhouse

Kriventseva

Meister

et al. 2007

Science

Self Cite

571

719

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Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic and viral diseases of immense importance for public health. The acquisition of the genome sequence of the yellow fever and Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti ( Aa ), has enabled a comparative phylogenomic analysis of the insect immune repertoire: in Aa , the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae ( Ag ), and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster ( Dm ). Analysis of immune signaling pathways and response modules reveals both conservative and rapidly evolving features associated with different functional gene categories and particular aspects of immune reactions. These dynamics reflect in part continuous readjustment between accommodation and rejection of pathogens and suggest how innate immunity may have evolved.

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Purification and primary structural characterization of prophenoloxidases from Aedes aegypti larvae

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Mosquito RUNX4 in the immune regulation of PPO gene expression and its effect on avian malaria parasite infection

Mosquito RUNX4 in the immune regulation of PPO gene expression and its effect on avian malaria parasite infection

Armigeres subalbatus prophenoloxidase III: Cloning, characterization and potential role in morphogenesis

Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes

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