Purification and properties of a heat-resistant exotoxin produced byMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid in culture

Siddiqui, K. A. I.; Gupta, A. K.; Paul, A. K.; Banerjee, Abhisek

doi:10.1007/bf01963302

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…phaseolina has been reported to produce several mycotoxins that are candidates for toxin-mediated initiation of infection by generating a necrotic zone. These mycotoxins include phaseolinone [25], botryodiplodin [26], and patulin, because the M. phaseolina genome contains genes for its biosynthetic enzymes [27]. Siddiqui et al (1979) [25] identified phaseolinone in culture extracts of pathogenic M. phaseolina isolated as an endophyte of mung bean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mycotoxins include phaseolinone [25], botryodiplodin [26], and patulin, because the M. phaseolina genome contains genes for its biosynthetic enzymes [27]. Siddiqui et al (1979) [25] identified phaseolinone in culture extracts of pathogenic M. phaseolina isolated as an endophyte of mung bean. Dhar et al (1982) [28] proposed the structure of the isolated toxin to be an epoxidized analog of a known phytotoxin, phomenone, which is part of an extensive family of phytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenoid (C-15) toxins produced by numerous plant pathogenic fungi [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytotoxic Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to Botryodiplodin, a Toxin Produced by the Charcoal Rot Disease Fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina

Abbas

Bellaloui

Butler

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Toxins have been proposed to facilitate fungal root infection by creating regions of readily-penetrated necrotic tissue when applied externally to intact roots. Isolates of the charcoal rot disease fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, from soybean plants in Mississippi produced a phytotoxic toxin, (−)-botryodiplodin, but no detectable phaseolinone, a toxin previously proposed to play a role in the root infection mechanism. This study was undertaken to determine if (−)-botryodiplodin induces toxic responses of the types that could facilitate root infection. (±)-Botryodiplodin prepared by chemical synthesis caused phytotoxic effects identical to those observed with (−)-botryodiplodin preparations from M. phaseolina culture filtrates, consistent with fungus-induced phytotoxicity being due to (−)-botryodiplodin, not phaseolinone or other unknown impurities. Soybean leaf disc cultures of Saline cultivar were more susceptible to (±)-botryodiplodin phytotoxicity than were cultures of two charcoal rot-resistant genotypes, DS97-84-1 and DT97-4290. (±)-Botryodiplodin caused similar phytotoxicity in actively growing duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) plantlet cultures, but at much lower concentrations. In soybean seedlings growing in hydroponic culture, (±)-botryodiplodin added to culture medium inhibited lateral and tap root growth, and caused loss of root caps and normal root tip cellular structure. Thus, botryodiplodin applied externally to undisturbed soybean roots induced phytotoxic responses of types expected to facilitate fungal root infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to Botryodiplodin, a Toxin Produced by the Charcoal Rot Disease Fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina

Abbas

Bellaloui

Butler

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Charcoal rot is caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid which infects plant roots from the soil by a toxin-mediated mechanism. Macrophomina phaseolina secretes two toxins (Figure 2), phaseolinone [15] [16] and (-)-botryodiplodin [17]. Although the mechanisms of charcoal rot infection via toxins are not well understood, infection of crop through the roots is [67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Seed Phenolics, Sugars, and Minerals Are Altered by Charcoal Rot Infection in MG III Soybean Cultivars

Bellaloui¹,

Mengistu²,

Zobiole³

et al. 2014

FNS

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Soybean seed is a major source of phytochemical compounds that impact human health nutrition and livestock meal. Charcoal rot is a disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, and thought to infect the plants through roots by a toxin-mediated mechanism, resulting in yield loss and poor seed quality, especially under drought conditions. Limited information is available on the effect of charcoal rot on seed phytochemical compounds and mineral nutrition in soybean. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of charcoal rot infection on seed phenol, seed coat lignin, isoflavones, and minerals using susceptible (S) (DK 3964) and moderately resistant (MR) (AG 3905) maturity group (MG)III soybean cultivars to charcoal rot. A two-year field experiment was conducted, and infested soil with charcoal rot (infested soil conditions, INF) or control (non-infested soil conditions, NINF) was used. The results showed that the moderately resistant genotype had higher concentrations of seed phenolics, total isoflavones, and seed coat lignin under infested and non-infested conditions and under irrigated or non-irrigated conditions compared with the susceptible genotype. The same general trend was found for seed K, Ca, P, Mn, Zn, B, and Cu concentrations in the moderately resistant genotype compared with the susceptible genotype. Our research demonstrated that these seed phytochemical constituents may explain the differences between susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars and may play an important role in the resistance to charcoal rot.

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“…The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, a widely distributed plant pathogen, causes inhibition of seed germination, wilting of seedlings and root rot in several agriculturally important crop plants (Butler and Bisby 1960;Bilgrami et al 1979;Siddiqui et al 1979). Phaseolinone ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of seed germination by Macrophomina phaseolina is related to phaseolinone production

Bhattacharya

Dhar

Siddiqui

et al. 1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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The production of phaseolinone, a phytotoxic metabolite of Macrophomina phaseolina in infected Phaseolus mungo seeds grown on soil, was estimated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and HPLC. The degree of inhibition of seed germination correlated well with the amount of toxin produced; 50% inhibition was observed at a toxin level of 2.1 μg g‐1 of wet tissue. A comparison of the toxin‐producing ability of nine isolates of the fungus obtained from different hosts and localities showed that the strain MPK'83 produced a significantly larger amount of the toxin, both in liquid culture and in infected seeds. The virulence of the isolates was related to their ability to produce phaseolinone.

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Purification and properties of a heat-resistant exotoxin produced byMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid in culture

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Phytotoxic Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to Botryodiplodin, a Toxin Produced by the Charcoal Rot Disease Fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina

Phytotoxic Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to Botryodiplodin, a Toxin Produced by the Charcoal Rot Disease Fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina

Soybean Seed Phenolics, Sugars, and Minerals Are Altered by Charcoal Rot Infection in MG III Soybean Cultivars

Inhibition of seed germination by Macrophomina phaseolina is related to phaseolinone production

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