Purification and Properties of Thermostableβ-Tyrosinase from an Obligately Symbiotic Thermophile,Symbiobacterium thermophilum

Research overview of L-DOPA production using a bacterial enzyme, tyrosine phenol-lyase

“… 33 ( Eh Tpl) and Ref. 34 ( St Tpl). *The K m values were measured at 30 ℃ for Ei Tpl and Eh Tpl and 70 ℃ for St Tpl.…”

“…The enzymatic properties of Tpl proteins from E. intermedia ( Ei Tpl), 6 , 7 ) E. herbicola ( Eh Tpl), 33 ) and S. thermophilum ( St Tpl) 34 ) which were purified to a homogeneous state are summarized in Table 4 . The molecular masses of a single subunit of these enzymes were calculated from the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences.…”

The biosynthesis of shikimate metabolites

“…Indeed, the symbiotic thermophile Symbiobacterium thermophilum, known to possess a thermostable tryptophanase, also has a similarly thermostable (optimum temperature 80 "C) tyrosine phenollyase enzyme. 92 The enzyme is a tetramer, with broad substrate specificity, degrading substrates such as S-methyl-L-cysteine and P-chloro-L-alanine to pyruvate at much higher rates than with L-tyrosine. An efficient reverse reaction synthesizing L-DOPA from catechol and pyruvate in the presence of high concentrations of ammonia was also achieved.…”

Synthesis of l-Tyrosine by Pichia pastoris Displaying Tyrosine Phenol Lyase

“…However, it is very difficult to modify the bacterium given the complexity of the L-tyrosine metabolic pathway; therefore, this method has not been widely used for industrial production. For enzymatic conversion, TPL 17,18 (EC 4.1.99.2), which is a multifunctional enzyme that requires pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), can stoichiometrically convert pyruvate, phenol, and ammonia chloride to L-tyrosine in vitro (pyruvate + phenol + ammonium chloride → L-tyrosine + H 2 O).This enzyme has been identified in many organisms, some of which exhibit increased enzyme activity, such as Citrobacter f reundii, 19 Citrobacter intermedius, 20 Erwinia herbicola, 21 Symbiobacterium thermophilum, 22 and Symbiobacterium toebii. 16,23,24 Xu 25 expressed the TPL gene from E. herbicola in Escherichia coli and produced L-tyrosine by whole-cell catalysis at 40 °C.…”