Purification and Some Properties of Cytotoxin Produced by <i>Clostridium difficile</i>

Katoh, Takahiro; Honda, Takeshi; Miwatani, Toshio

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1988.tb01417.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Isolates showing CPE at dilutions of >102 (of 1 g of stool or 1 ml of culture supernatant) were classified as high-cytotoxin-producing strains, and strains producing CPE only at dilutions of 100 to 102/g of stool or ml of culture supernatant were classified as low-cytotoxinproducing strains. The limit of this standard cytotoxin assay is 3 to 5 ng/ml (15). Isolates with low or negative titers were retested at least three times to determine the validity of the result.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of immunoblot type, enterotoxin production, and cytotoxin production with clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile infection in a cohort of hospitalized patients

et al. 1991

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To determine whether strain-specific differences in immunoblot type, enterotoxin production, or cytotoxin production correlated with clinical presentation of Clostridium difficile infection, we evaluated isolates obtained from 428 prospectively studied hospitalized patients. Of 99 isolates available for immunoblot typing, 61 were recovered from asymptomatic carriers and 38 were from patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Of 17 immunoblot types, the seven types comprising the majority of isolates (82 of 99; 83%) were variably associated with disease. Neither the presence of cytotoxin in the stool nor the production of cytotoxin or enterotoxin by isolates in vitro was significantly different for symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. Selected host factors were more predictive of symptomatic disease than was the specific infecting C. difficile strain. These results suggest that variations in the clinical severity of C. difficile infection in different patients are not solely strain-specific phenonema related to immunoblot type or to the production of cytotoxin or enterotoxin.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of immunoblot type, enterotoxin production, and cytotoxin production with clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile infection in a cohort of hospitalized patients

et al. 1991

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“…3B). Reports of C. difficile cytotoxin titers range from 10 3 50% cytotoxic units/ml to 10 7 100% cytotoxic units/ml, usually after 96 h of incubation (1,7,8,14). The release of cytotoxin during the late logarithmic phase of growth (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced fermentation of mannitol and release of cytotoxin by Clostridium difficile in alkaline culture media

Kazamias

Sperry

1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Clostridium difficile ATCC 43255 fermented less than 10% of the mannitol in a medium at pH 7; however, when the initial pH of the medium was adjusted to 8.5 or 9, about 80% of the mannitol was fermented. Cell extracts of C. difficile phosphorylated mannitol with phosphoenolpyruvate, not ATP, indicating a phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system transport phosphorylation of mannitol. The phosphorylation product was dehydrogenated by D-mannitol-1-phosphate:NAD oxidoreductase. Growth at an initial pH of 8.5 yielded cytotoxin titers of 10 7 to 10 8 in Trypticase-yeast extract-mannitol medium, with a titer of 10 8 as early as 13 h.

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Characterization of Clostridium perfringens TpeL Toxin Gene Carriage, Production, Cytotoxic Contributions, and Trypsin Sensitivity

Chen

McClane

2015

Infect Immun

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Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are produced by at least four pathogenic clostridial species, and several LCTs are proven pivotal virulence factors for both human and veterinary diseases. TpeL is a recently identified LCT produced by Clostridium perfringens that has received relatively limited study. In response, the current study surveyed carriage of the tpeL gene among different C. perfringens strains, detecting this toxin gene in some type A, B, and C strains but not in any type D or E strains. This study also determined that all tested strains maximally produce, and extracellularly release, TpeL at the late-log or early-stationary growth stage during in vitro culture, which is different from the maximal late-stationary-phase production reported previously for other LCTs and for TpeL production by C. perfringens strain JIR12688. In addition, the present study found that TpeL levels in culture supernatants can be repressed by either glucose or sucrose. It was also shown that, at natural production levels, TpeL is a significant contributor to the cytotoxic activity of supernatants from cultures of tpeL-positive strain CN3685. Lastly, this study identified TpeL, which presumably is produced in the intestines during diseases caused by TpeL-positive type B and C strains, as a toxin whose cytotoxicity decreases after treatment with trypsin; this finding may have pathophysiologic relevance by suggesting that, like beta toxin, TpeL contributes to type B and C infections in hosts with decreased trypsin levels due to disease, diet, or age.

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Purification and Some Properties of Cytotoxin Produced by Clostridium difficile

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Correlation of immunoblot type, enterotoxin production, and cytotoxin production with clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile infection in a cohort of hospitalized patients

Correlation of immunoblot type, enterotoxin production, and cytotoxin production with clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile infection in a cohort of hospitalized patients

Enhanced fermentation of mannitol and release of cytotoxin by Clostridium difficile in alkaline culture media

Characterization of Clostridium perfringens TpeL Toxin Gene Carriage, Production, Cytotoxic Contributions, and Trypsin Sensitivity

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