Purification, composition analysis and antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma atrum

Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities

“…The major bioactive Ganoderma polysaccharides are composed of (1→3), (1→6)-α/β-glucans, glycoproteins and water soluble heteropolysaccharides (Nie et al, 2013) with glucose, mannose, galactose, fucose, xylose and arabinose combined in different proportions and types of glycosidic linkages, as well as peptide bonds (Chen et al, 2008;Wang and Zhang, 2009). As polysaccharides are very complex molecules, their detailed characterization in specific glycosidic linkages, molecular weight and sugars composition is mandatory in order to establish structure-biological activity relationships.…”

“…According to different researchers, the polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma are constituted by glucose, mannose, galactose, fucose, xylose and arabinose, with different combinations and different types of glycosidic linkages, and which can be bound to protein or peptide residues (polysaccharide-protein or -peptide complexes) (Sone et al, 1985;Zhang et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2008;Wang and Zhang, 2009;Ferreira et al, 2010;Nie et al, 2013). These carbohydrates are characterized by their molecular weight, degree of branching, and higher (tertiary) structures (Ferreira et al, 2010), and have different compositions, comprising β-glucans, hetero-β-glucans, heteroglycans or α-manno-β-glucan complexes (Moradali et al, 2007).…”

“…Finally, to obtain pure polysaccharides, purification is usually carried out through chromatographic techniques, such as ion-exchange, gel filtration and affinity chromatography (Zhang et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2011;Jiang et al, 2012). Essentially, ionexchange chromatography through DEAE-cellulose columns separate neutral polysaccharides from acidic ones.…”

“…Sone et al (1985) used HPLC to obtain the molecular weight of the polysaccharides from fruiting bodies and cultured medium of G. lucidum. In addition, Chen et al (2008) obtained the molecular weight of a water-soluble protein-bound polysaccharide through gel chromatography. Moreover, Zhao et al (2010) determined the homogeneity and average molecular weight of polysaccharide fractions by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC).…”

“…(Yu-Hong et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2003;Sun et al, 2004;Zhao et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2008;Jia et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011;Li et al, 2012a).…”