Purification of a vasoactive peptide related to lysyl‐bradykinin from trout plasma

Abstract

Incubation of plasma from the steelhead trout, Oneorhynehus mykiss with porcine pancreatic glandular kallikrein generated bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. The primary structure of the immunoreactive peptide was established as: Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Trp-Ser-Pro-Leu-Arg. This sequence shows two amino acid substitutions (Phe6--~Trp and Phe9--*Leu) compared with mammalian lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin). Bolus intraarterial injection of the purified peptide produced a strong and sustained vasopressor response in the unanaesthetized trout. The data demonstrate that the kallikrein-kinin system predates the appearance of tetrapods and suggest a role for this system in cardiovascular regulation in fish.

Coagulation in Vertebrates with a Focus on Evolution and Inflammation

“…It is not clear, for example, what protease cleaves kinins from kininogen in fish, given that a typical prekallikrein gene is absent. It is well established that bradykinin occurs in fish plasma and is released from a precursor kininogen by exogenous kallikreins isolated from mammalian pancreas [17] . It has also been reported that a pair of tandemly arranged bradykinin receptors are present in bony fish in the same way they are in birds and mammals [18] .…”

Purification and characterization of novel kininogens from spotted wolffish and Atlantic cod

“…Both cod and wolffish kininogens carried the fish bradykinin peptide RPPGWSPLR that we have previously shown to be present in Atlantic salmon kininogen [6]. The fish bradykinin peptide has also been found previously from enzyme‐treated plasma of Atlantic cod [5] and steelhead trout [4]. Most of the determined peptide sequences could be aligned with the heavy chain of human kininogen (Fig.…”

“…Kininogens have been characterized from many mammals including human, bovine, rat [1], and recently whale [3]. In addition, there are reports on bradykinins in fish including steelhead trout [4] and Atlantic cod [5]. We have recently isolated a kininogen and another high molecular mass cysteine proteinase inhibitor from the skin of Atlantic salmon [6].…”

The Kallikrein‐Kinin System: Evolution of Form and Functiona

“…Studies by Lipke and co-workers 11,12 demonstrated that treatment of plasma from the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with porcine pancreatic kallikrein generated vasoactive peptide(s), termed T60K . Following this work, 13 we obtained a strong indication of the existence of a kallikrein-kinin system in nontetrapods by demonstrating that incubation of heat-denatured trout plasma with porcine kallikrein generated [Lys 0 , Trp 5 , Leu 8 ]-BK. More recently, 14 we have isolated in much higher yield a second BK-related peptide from kallikrein-treated trout plasma whose primary structure was established as [Arg 0 , Trp 5 , Leu 8 ]-BK (FIG.…”