Purification of Alkali-Metal Chlorides by Zone Recrystallization for Use in Pyrochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Nikolaev, A. Yu.; Mullabaev, Albert; Suzdaltsev, Andrey; Ковров, В. А.; Kholkina, A. S.; Shishkin, Vladimir; Zaikov, Yu. P.

doi:10.1007/s10512-022-00865-5

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…We carried out a series of experiments on silicon electrodeposition from low-fluoride systems based on mixtures of KCl, CsCl, and LiCl with additions of K2SiF6 and SiO2 in the temperature range 350 to 790 °С [32][33][34][35][36]. Due to the possibility of deep purification of chlorides by zone recrystallization [37], the proposed systems are suitable for use to obtain high-purity silicon. The disadvantage of low-fluoride systems is the lower complexing capacity of silicon, which can be improved by increasing the proportion of CsCl in the melt.…”

Section: Results Of the Silicon Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Electrodeposition for Microelectronics and Distributed Energy: A Mini-Review

Suzdaltsev

2022

Electrochem

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Due to its prevalence in nature and its particular properties, silicon is one of the most popular materials in various industries. Currently, metallurgical silicon is obtained by carbothermal reduction of quartz, which is then subjected to hydrochlorination and multiple chlorination in order to obtain solar silicon. This mini-review provides a brief analysis of alternative methods for obtaining silicon by electrolysis of molten salts. The review covers factors determining the choice of composition of molten salts, typical silicon precipitates obtained by electrolysis of molten salts, assessment of the possibility of using electrolytic silicon in microelectronics, representative test results for the use of electrolytic silicon in the composition of lithium-ion current sources, and representative test results for the use of electrolytic silicon for solar energy conversion. This paper concludes by noting the tasks that need to be solved for the practical implementation of methods for the electrolytic production of silicon, for the development of new devices and materials for energy distribution and microelectronic application.

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Section: Results Of the Silicon Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Electrodeposition for Microelectronics and Distributed Energy: A Mini-Review

Suzdaltsev

2022

Electrochem

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“…The Li 2 O concentration in the melt was determined by the pH of an aqueous solution of the electrolyte. 24,27 The amount of passed electricity (Q) is given as a percentage of the theoretical amount of electricity required for a complete ZrO 2 reduction by metallic lithium. As can be seen from Table II, the method used for determining the degree of ZrO 2 reduction, as well as the previously used methods, [8][9][10][11] showed that the samples reduced up to 55%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To eliminate an impurities (LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 et al 23 ) LiCl was gradually heated under vacuum, melted in argon atmosphere, and purified by the zone recrystallization. [24][25][26] The required amount of Li 2 O was immersed into the electrolyte as a pre-saturated LiCl-Li 2 O melt. 27,28 All procedures were carried out in a dry argon box.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of ZrO₂ in LiCl-Li₂O Melt During Electrolysis

Shishkin¹,

Shishkin²,

Nikolaev³

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Reduction of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) components to metals during the electrolysis of the LiCl-Li2O melt at 650°C is extremely important in the framework of the development of fuel reprocessing technology. Here, ZrO2 reduction by lithium during the electrolysis of the LiCl-Li2O melt at 650°C was studied. Cathode processes on a molybdenum substrate in contact with different ZrO2 samples (powder, pressed pellet, dense ceramic) were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry and electrolysis. It was shown that the appearance of ZrO2 near the molybdenum cathode leads to increasing cathode currents and decreasing lithium oxidation current. Both effects indicate the consumption of reduced lithium for the reduction of ZrO2 samples. In order to analyze the reduction products X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used, and to estimate the reduction degree of ZrO2 samples three methods were tested: dissolution of samples in inorganic acid solution, dissolution of samples in EtOAc/Br2 solution, and carbothermal reduction. It was shown that during the electrolysis of dense samples only the lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3) was formed at their surfaces, whereas the electrolysis of ZrO2 powder samples resulted in the formation of Li2ZrO3, Zr3O, and ZrO phases.

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“…Waterless LiCl (≥ 99.2%, Vekton, Russia) was additionally dried under a reduced pressure of ~ 1 Pa at a gradual heating to 670 K during 24 h. Commercial potassium chloride (99.8%, Vekton, Russia) was melted in air. Both salts were subjected to a double fold zone recrystallization [22]. The LiCl water solution pH was equal to 6.7-6.8 for a recrystallized salt, which testi es that oxygen-containing impurities such as Li 2 O, LiOH, and Li 2 CO 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical conductivity of ZrCl4 solutions in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

Salyulev,

Potapov

2024

Preprint

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The electrical conductivity of (LiCl-KCl)eut.– ZrCl4 molten mixtures has been studied as a function of the ZrCl4 concentrations (0–30 mol. %) at the temperature ranging from 764 to 1075 K and gradual zirconium tetrachloride concentration growth of ~ 5 mol. %. For these measurements a conductometric cell of an original construction has been used. The electrical conductivity of the formed mixtures was found to range from 0.9 to 2.8 S/cm. The temperature elevation resulted in the increase in electrical conductivity, whereas the increased ZrCl4 concentration resulted in the decrease in the melt electrical conductivity. The newly determined results on the electrical conductivity have been compared with those previously obtained for other zirconium-containing molten systems and discussed considering the available data on the structure of such melts. The liquidus line has been first constructed for the (LiCl-KCl)eut. – ZrCl4 quasi-binary system at the zirconium tetrachloride concentrations reaching 30 mol. %.

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Purification of Alkali-Metal Chlorides by Zone Recrystallization for Use in Pyrochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Silicon Electrodeposition for Microelectronics and Distributed Energy: A Mini-Review

Silicon Electrodeposition for Microelectronics and Distributed Energy: A Mini-Review

Reduction of ZrO₂ in LiCl-Li₂O Melt During Electrolysis

Electrical conductivity of ZrCl4 solutions in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

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Purification of Alkali-Metal Chlorides by Zone Recrystallization for Use in Pyrochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Silicon Electrodeposition for Microelectronics and Distributed Energy: A Mini-Review

Silicon Electrodeposition for Microelectronics and Distributed Energy: A Mini-Review

Reduction of ZrO2 in LiCl-Li2O Melt During Electrolysis

Electrical conductivity of ZrCl4 solutions in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

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Reduction of ZrO₂ in LiCl-Li₂O Melt During Electrolysis