Purification of spent chromium bath by membrane electrolysis

Korzenowski, Christa; Rodrigues, Marco Antônio Siqueira; Bresciani, Letizia; Bernardes, A.M.; Ferreira, Jane Zoppas

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.110

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Electrodialysis (ED) has been explored for treating plating effluents (Marder et al, 2004;Korzenowski et al, 2008;Frenzel et al, 2005;Chiapello and Gal, 1992), acid mine drainage (Buzzi et al, 2013), and effluents containing organic compounds, such as organic acids (Severo Júnior, Alves e Ferraz, 2014), effluents of tanneries and of refineries (Machado, 2008). As it can be seen, several studies were developed involving the application of the ED, or ED along with other techniques, such as ion exchange resins (Gayathri and Senthil Kumar, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current-Voltage Curves for Treating Effluent Containing Hedp: Determination of the Limiting Current

Scarazzato

Buzzi

Bernardes

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Membrane separation techniques have been explored for treating industrial effluents to allow water reuse and component recovery. In an electrodialysis system, concentration polarization causes undesirable alterations in the ionic transportation mechanism. The graphic construction of the current voltage curve is proposed for establishing the value of the limiting current density applied to the cell. The aim of this work was to determine the limiting current density in an electrodialysis bench stack, the function of which was the treatment of an electroplating effluent containing HEDP. For this, a system with five compartments was used with a working solution simulating the rinse waters of HEDP-based baths. The results demonstrated correlation between the regions defined by theory and the experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the dilute solution, the number of ions available to transport the current will be reduced. The process starts to be limited by the ion diffusion and the current value will reach the limiting current (Korzenowski et al, 2008;Rodrigues et al, 2008;Machado, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-Voltage Curves for Treating Effluent Containing Hedp: Determination of the Limiting Current

Scarazzato

Buzzi

Bernardes

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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“…The main component in hard chrome plating solution is chromic oxide (CrO 3 ) dissolved in water, and sulfate ion (SO 4 2-) introduced as sulfuric acid is a necessary catalyst in this chromium plating solution. These chromium acid solutions after a period of using in electroplating contain many impurities such as Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Ni(II) [1]. These contaminants at high concentration will affect the plating efficiency as well as coating properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability as well as cost effectiveness of biomass materials cause biosorption become a potential alternative method. On the other hand, the research on removal and recovery of chromium from spent solutions has rarely been seen [1]. To purify and recycle spent hard chrome solutions, metal ion impurities must be removed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium and Iron Removal for Hard Chrome Bath Recycling using Eggshell Sorbent

Rubcumintara¹

2014

JOCET

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Abstract-This research is to study the removal of chromium and iron from spent hard chrome plating solutions using eggshell as selected bio-waste sorbent. It was found from the batch experiments that the chemically modified eggshell with hydrochloric acid resulted in better performance in comparison with the unmodified eggshell. The removal efficiency as well as adsorption capacity for Fe(II), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) were 95%, 100%, 13% and 94.5 mg/g, 18.8 mg/g, 173.4 mg/g, respectively in 48 h. The kinetics of chromium and iron sorption were described by pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models. The experimental kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo second order kinetic model for both chromium and iron. The adsorption isotherms using Langmuir and Freundlich models were also evaluated by linearized forms. The best-fitted model to the experimental equilibrium data for eggshell sorbent was found to be the Freundlich model. From this investigation, the purification and recovery of hard chrome bath from spent plating solutions can be achieved using eggshell adsorption.

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“…The cation exchange membranes that were used in electrodialysis tests were heterogeneous or homogeneous, both having sulfonic acid fixed groups. The main properties of both cation-exchange membranes (heterogeneous HDX100 and homogeneous PC SK) can be found elsewhere (39,58).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of a cyanide-free copper electroplating solution by electrodialysis: study of ion transport and evaluation of water and inputs recovery

SCARAZZATO¹

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The two most common commercial copper baths are the acid sulfate copper bath and the alkaline cyanide copper bath. Alkaline copper baths are mostly used to coat parts with complex geometry and to avoid galvanic deposition when depositing a metal on a less noble substrate. Because of the toxicity of cyanide compounds, alternative baths have been developed using different complexing agents. The starting point of the present study is a cyanide-free strike bath developed for copper plating on Zamak substrates developed by the Institute for Technological Research of the State of São Paulo/ Brazil. The replacement of a raw material such as cyanide must be economically advantageous and technically feasible. Therefore, this study intended to propose an alternative to the treatment of liquid wastes from the mentioned bath, aiming at simultaneous water reclamation and chemicals recovery in a closed system. The electrodialysis membrane separation process was studied, using a laboratoryscale system operating with a synthetic solution simulating the rinsing waters from the HEDP-based bath. The feasibility of the technique was evaluated by analyzing operational parameters such as ion extraction, demineralization rate, concentration rate, current efficiency for each anionic specie and average energy consumption. Because HEDP is a chelating agent, the transport of Cu(II)-HEDP chelates through anion-exchange membranes was also evaluated by means of electrochemical methods. Chronopotentiometric and current-voltage curves were constructed for different model solutions containing the same compounds as the original bath. A relation between the presence of chelates in the solutions and the fixed ion exchange group could be established. Lastly, deposition tests were performed using electrolytes containing the recycled inputs and the characteristics of the coatings were analyzed. The results showed that an electrodialysis stack using strongly basic anion-exchange membranes was suitable to produce treated solutions and a concentrate containing the ions from the bath. The concentrate could be added to the copper bath to compensate eventual drag-out losses without affecting the quality of the coatings. Thus, the application of electrodialysis was shown to be a feasible alternative for recovering water and inputs from the evaluated solution, reducing the wastewater generation and saving natural resources.

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Purification of spent chromium bath by membrane electrolysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Current-Voltage Curves for Treating Effluent Containing Hedp: Determination of the Limiting Current

Current-Voltage Curves for Treating Effluent Containing Hedp: Determination of the Limiting Current

Chromium and Iron Removal for Hard Chrome Bath Recycling using Eggshell Sorbent

Treatment of a cyanide-free copper electroplating solution by electrodialysis: study of ion transport and evaluation of water and inputs recovery

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