Purified diet <i>versus</i> whole food diet and the inconsistent results in studies using animal models

Zhang, Linyu; Li, Xin; Liu, Xiangyan; Wang, Xianglin; Li, Xiaowen; Cheng, Xuewu; Yan, Sisi; Zhu, Yuanyuan; Li, Rongfang; Wen, Lixin; Ji, Wang

doi:10.1039/d1fo04311k

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The mRNAs relative expressions of Fabp 4, Irs 1, Tlr 4, Cpt1a , and Cd 36 in the liver were analyzed by qPCR as our previous study . The primer sequences used for RT-qPCR are shown in Table S3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannic Acid Ameliorates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Impairment Induced by Low-Dose T-2 Toxin Exposure

Liu

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Subacute mycotoxin exposure in food is commonly overlooked. As one of the most toxic trichothecene mycotoxins, the T-2 toxin severely pollutes human foods and animal feeds. In our study, we investigated the effects of low-dose T-2 toxin on glucose and lipid metabolic function and further investigated the protective effect of tannic acid (TA) in C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that low-dose T-2 toxin significantly impaired blood glucose and lipid homeostasis, promoted ferroptosis in the pancreas and subsequent repression of insulin secretion in β-cells, and impacted hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by targeted inhibition of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, which induced insulin resistance and steatosis in the liver. TA treatment attenuated pancreatic function and hepatic metabolism by ameliorating oxidative stress and insulin resistance in mice. These findings provide new perspectives on the toxic mechanism and intervention of chronic subacute toxicity of foodborne mycotoxins.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannic Acid Ameliorates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Impairment Induced by Low-Dose T-2 Toxin Exposure

Liu

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The blood glucose values of mice were recorded at 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min after gavage. The area under the curve from the obtained data was calculated to evaluate the glucose tolerance of mice in each group [68]. For the insulin tolerance test (ITT) [69] at 23 w, mice were made to fast without water for 4 h, n = 15.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Feed Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood glucose levels were determined using a Roche glucometer (ACCU-CHEK, Roche, Shanghai, China). The liver TC and TG levels were determined using commercial kits purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute Co., LTD (Nanjing, China) [68,71].…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Carbohydrate Diet Consumption Poses a More Severe Liver Cholesterol Deposition than a High-Fat and High-Calorie Diet in Mice

Zhang,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

IJMS

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In the past few decades, many researchers believed that a high-fat and high-calorie diet is the most critical factor leading to metabolic diseases. However, increasing evidence shows a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet may also be a significant risk factor. It needs a comprehensive evaluation to prove which viewpoint is more persuasive. We systematically compared the effects of high-fat and high-calorie diets and high-carbohydrate and low-fat ones on glycolipid metabolism in mice to evaluate and compare the effects of different dietary patterns on metabolic changes in mice. Sixty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups after acclimatization and 15% (F-15), 25% (F-25), 35% (F-35), and 45% (F-45) of their dietary energy was derived from fat for 24 weeks. The body weight, body-fat percentage, fasting blood glucose, lipid content in the serum, and triglyceride content in the livers of mice showed a significantly positive correlation with dietary oil supplementation. Interestingly, the total cholesterol content in the livers of mice in the F-15 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the F-45 group, the mRNA expression of sterol synthesis and absorption-related genes (e.g., Asgr1, mTorc1, Ucp20, Srebp2, Hmgcr, and Ldlr), liver fibrosis-related genes (e.g., Col4a1 and Adamts1) and inflammation-related genes (e.g., Il-1β and Il-6) were significantly higher in the F-15 group. Compared with the F-45 group, the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia was decreased in the F-15 group. While unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia are potentially beneficial bacteria, they have the ability to produce short-chain fatty acids and modulate cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia was significantly positively correlated with fatty acid transporters expression and negatively correlated with that of cholesteryl acyltransferase 1 and cholesterol synthesis-related genes. In conclusion, our study delineated how a high-fat and high-calorie diet (fat supplied higher than or equal to 35%) induced obesity and hepatic lipid deposition in mice. Although the high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet did not cause weight gain in mice, it induced cholesterol deposition in the liver. The mechanism is mainly through the induction of endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in mice liver through the ASGR1-mTORC1-USP20-HMGCR signaling pathway. The appropriate oil and carbon water ratio (dietary energy supply from fat of 25%) showed the best gluco-lipid metabolic homeostasis in mice.

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Soybean oil induces neuroinflammatory response through brain-gut axis under high-fat diet

Liu,

Tao,

Guo

et al. 2024

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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Purified diet versus whole food diet and the inconsistent results in studies using animal models

Abstract: In animal models, purified diets (PDs) and whole food diets (WFDs) are used for different purposes. In similar studies, different dietary patterns may lead to inconsistent results. The aim of...

Cited by 4 publications

References 67 publications

Tannic Acid Ameliorates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Impairment Induced by Low-Dose T-2 Toxin Exposure

Tannic Acid Ameliorates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Impairment Induced by Low-Dose T-2 Toxin Exposure

High-Carbohydrate Diet Consumption Poses a More Severe Liver Cholesterol Deposition than a High-Fat and High-Calorie Diet in Mice

Soybean oil induces neuroinflammatory response through brain-gut axis under high-fat diet

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