Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens

Suntharasamai, Pravan; Chanthavanich, Pornthep; Warrell, Mary; Karbwang, Juntra; Supanaranond, Wichai; Phillips, Rodney E.; Jansawan, Weerapol; Xueref, C.; Pouradier-Duteil, X.; Warrell, David A.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400066286

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Combining the data from this and our four other studies using HRIG of British or French origin (Warrell et al 1983(Warrell et al , 1984Suntharasamai et al 1986;Chanthavanich et al 1987) no reaction was observed among 235 recipients, some of whom were student volunteers, but 5-5 % complained of pain at the injection 764 P. SUNTHARASAMAI AND OTHERS site. The lack of serum sickness confirms other reports of minimal complications of HRIG treatment at the usual dosage (Hattwick, Corey & Creech 1976;Nicholson & Turner, 1978;Helmick et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine: economical multisite intradermal regimen for post-exposure prophylaxis

et al. 1987

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The standard six-dose intramuscular (i.m.) rabies post-exposure vaccine regimen using a new purified chick embryo cell (PCEC) vaccine was compared with two economical multisite intradermal (i.d.) PCEC regimens, a multisite i.m. PCEC schedule and a subcutaneous regimen using a suckling mouse brain (SMB) rabies vaccine manufactured in Thailand. The neutralizing antibody results for the four-site and eight-site i.d. and the standard i.m. PCEC regimens were similar over 3 months. A three-site i.m. PCEC regimen had no advantage. The SMB vaccine gave the lowest antibody levels. Human rabies immune globulin therapy significantly increased the GMT of all groups on day 7, unlike equine antirabies serum (EARS). Both antisera suppressed antibody responses to PCEC on days 14 and 28. Three generalized reactions probably related to EARS were the only serious side effects. An eight-site i.d. PCEC vaccine regimen proved as immunogenic as the routine i.m. schedule and, if implemented as post-exposure prophylaxis, would be the cheapest widely available tissue culture vaccine regimen. The protective efficiency should now be tested in patients bitten by rabid animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine: economical multisite intradermal regimen for post-exposure prophylaxis

et al. 1987

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“…Nevertheless, the applied vaccine schedule resulted in clear seroconversion of all mice, with virus-neutralizing serum titers well above the protective threshold of 0.5 IU/ml (range 6.01–18.04 IU/ml) at the moment of challenge. Moreover, the challenge occurred at four weeks after the first vaccine administration, at the moment when the peak serological response can be expected [ 38 ; 39 ]. The height of the neutralizing antibody titer in vaccinated mice did not correspond to the level of protection upon challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exposure Treatment with Anti-rabies VHH and Vaccine Significantly Improves Protection of Mice from Lethal Rabies Infection

et al. 2016

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Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against rabies infection consists of a combination of passive immunisation with plasma-derived human or equine immune globulins and active immunisation with vaccine delivered shortly after exposure. Since anti-rabies immune globulins are expensive and scarce, there is a need for cheaper alternatives that can be produced more consistently. Previously, we generated potent virus-neutralising VHH, also called Nanobodies, against the rabies glycoprotein that are effectively preventing lethal disease in an in vivo mouse model. The VHH domain is the smallest antigen-binding functional fragment of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies that can be manufactured in microbial expression systems. In the current study we evaluated the efficacy of half-life extended anti-rabies VHH in combination with vaccine for PEP in an intranasal rabies infection model in mice. The PEP combination therapy of systemic anti-rabies VHH and intramuscular vaccine significantly delayed the onset of disease compared to treatment with anti-rabies VHH alone, prolonged median survival time (35 versus 14 days) and decreased mortality (60% versus 19% survival rate), when treated 24 hours after rabies virus challenge. Vaccine alone was unable to rescue mice from lethal disease. As reported also for immune globulins, some interference of anti-rabies VHH with the antigenicity of the vaccine was observed, but this did not impede the synergistic effect. Post exposure treatment with vaccine and human anti-rabies immune globulins was unable to protect mice from lethal challenge. Anti-rabies VHH and vaccine act synergistically to protect mice after rabies virus exposure, which further validates the possible use of anti-rabies VHH for rabies PEP.

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“…Nevertheless, as the primary culture cells inherently have a limited capacity to divide, they are technically difficult to adapt to large-scale industrial cultivation for vaccine manufacturing. For this reason, the Vero cell line was used to produce purified Vero cell rabies vaccine [24]. Vero cell cultivation can easily be scaled up and the virus titers produced in Vero cells are generally higher than those in primary culture cells.…”

Section: Brief History Of Classical Rabies Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Control and Treatment: From Prophylaxis to Strategies with Curative Potential

Zhu

Guo

2016

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Rabies is an acute, fatal, neurological disease that affects almost all kinds of mammals. Vaccination (using an inactivated rabies vaccine), combined with administration of rabies immune globulin, is the only approved, effective method for post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies in humans. In the search for novel rabies control and treatment strategies, live-attenuated viruses have recently emerged as a practical and promising approach for immunizing and controlling rabies. Unlike the conventional, inactivated rabies vaccine, live-attenuated viruses are genetically modified viruses that are able to replicate in an inoculated recipient without causing adverse effects, while still eliciting robust and effective immune responses against rabies virus infection. A number of viruses with an intrinsic capacity that could be used as putative candidates for live-attenuated rabies vaccine have been intensively evaluated for therapeutic purposes. Additional novel strategies, such as a monoclonal antibody-based approach, nucleic acid-based vaccines, or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) interfering with virus replication, could further add to the arena of strategies to combat rabies. In this review, we highlight current advances in rabies therapy and discuss the role that they might have in the future of rabies treatment. Given the pronounced and complex impact of rabies on a patient, a combination of these novel modalities has the potential to achieve maximal anti-rabies efficacy, or may even have promising curative effects in the future. However, several hurdles regarding clinical safety considerations and public awareness should be overcome before these approaches can ultimately become clinically relevant therapies.

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Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine: economical multisite intradermal regimen for post-exposure prophylaxis

Purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine: economical multisite intradermal regimen for post-exposure prophylaxis

Post-exposure Treatment with Anti-rabies VHH and Vaccine Significantly Improves Protection of Mice from Lethal Rabies Infection

Rabies Control and Treatment: From Prophylaxis to Strategies with Curative Potential

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