Purkinje-like cells in rat cochlear nucleus

Hurd, Lawrence B.; Feldman, Martin L.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(94)90214-3

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…5 The hREN positive neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus were located in a region containing Purkinje cell-like neurons. 26 Cerebellar Purkinje cells have been shown to contain Ang II, probably as a result of uptake from cerebellar astrocytes, which are well documented to contain endogenous AGT. 27 Though these observations superficially suggest a potential association between the observed hREN expression and cells containing compounds of the brain RAS system, they do not lead to an association with cardiovascular homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Transgenic Mice Carrying a Highly Regulated Human Renin Transgene

Morimoto

Cassell

Sigmund

2002

Circulation Research

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Abstract-We previously reported the generation of 2 novel transgenic mouse models containing the human renin (hREN) gene encoded on P1 artificial chromosomes (PAC) containing large amounts of 5Ј-flanking DNA. These mice exhibit a very narrow tissue-specific expression profile and exhibit tightly regulated expression in kidney in response to physiological cues. In brain, transcription of hREN occurs from an alternative upstream promoter, causing translation to initiate within exon-II and potentially generating an intracellular form of active renin. Double transgenic mice containing a PAC transgene and the human angiotensinogen (hAGT) gene (Pϩ/Aϩ) are moderately hypertensive. We tested whether increased RAS activity in the brain contributes to the mechanism of hypertension in Pϩ/Aϩ double transgenic mice. Expression of hREN mRNA in brain was confirmed in 4 independent PAC transgenic lines and utilization of the alternative transcription start site in brain was confirmed in each line. Human REN immunostaining was observed in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, hypothalamus, and cortex. Pϩ/Aϩ mice exhibited a greater fall in mean arterial pressure after intracerebroventricular injection of losartan than controls. Pϩ/Aϩ mice exhibited a greater drop in arterial pressure after intravenous injection of a vasopressin V 1 receptor antagonist, and an equivalent drop in arterial pressure after intravenous injection of a ganglion blocker compared with controls. These results support the hypothesis that renin is endogenously expressed in the brain and suggest that increased brain RAS activity may contribute to the maintenance of moderate hypertension in Pϩ/Aϩ transgenic mice at least in part by a vasopressin-dependent mechanism. Key Words: renin-angiotensin system Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ vasopressin Ⅲ central nervous system Ⅲ transgenic mice S everal lines of evidence suggest that the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to the hypertensive state in spontaneously hypertensive rats, DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, Dahl-salt sensitive rats, and renal hypertensive rats. [1][2][3][4] We have reported that hAGT and hREN expression is observed in the brains of mice overexpressing a hAGT transgene spanning a region from approximately 1.2 kb 5Ј to 1.4 kb 3Ј of the gene (Aϩ) and in mice containing a hREN genomic sequence spanning a region from approximately 900 bp 5Ј to 400 bp 3Ј of the gene (Rϩ), respectively. 5,6 Transgenic mice overexpressing both transgenes (Rϩ/Aϩ) are chronically hypertensive. 7 Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a selective angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor antagonist, losartan, in Rϩ/Aϩ mice causes a greater fall in blood pressure (BP) than in control nontransgenic mice, suggesting that increased activation of central AT 1 receptors by locally overproduced Ang II may contribute to the maintenance of hypertension in these mice. 6 We and others have reported that Rϩ transgenic mice exhibit high-level expression of the transgene in a number of ectopic sites, and further, the transgene is poor...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Transgenic Mice Carrying a Highly Regulated Human Renin Transgene

Morimoto

Cassell

Sigmund

2002

Circulation Research

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“…In the molecular layer, all ROR␣-positive cells were parvalbumin-positive ( Figures 4D-4F, arrowheads). Therefore, these ROR␣-positive cells (Celio 1990;Hurd and Feldman 1994). These cells were ROR␣-positive ( Figures 4G and 4I, arrows).…”

Section: Localization Of Ror ␣ In the Adult Mouse Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORα in the Mouse Nervous System

Ino

2004

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R Y ROR ␣ is an orphan nuclear receptor. A deletion mutation in the ROR ␣ gene leads to severe cerebellar defects, known as the staggerer mutant mouse. Although previous in situ hybridization (ISH) studies have shown that ROR ␣ is highly expressed in the cerebellum, especially in Purkinje cells, and in the thalamus, sufficient immunohistochemical (IHC) study has not yet been presented. I demonstrate here the IHC analysis of ROR ␣ using a specific anti-ROR ␣ antibody, in adult and developing mouse nervous system. ROR ␣ immunoreactivity was observed in the Purkinje cell and molecular layers of the cerebellum. The co-localization of ROR ␣ with calbindin D 28K (CaBP) and parvalbumin indicates that ROR ␣ -positive cells were Purkinje cells, stellate cells, and basket cells. In addition to the cerebellum, strong to medium ROR ␣ immunoreactivity was found in the thalamus, cerebral cortex (mainly in the layer IV), dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), superior colliculus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and retina. The immunostaining was restricted in nuclei of neurons. Developmentally, ROR ␣ immunoreactivity was observed in the cerebellum and thalamus from embryonal day 16 (E16). The distribution of ROR ␣ immunoreactivity and ROR ␣ mRNA hybridization signal was almost coincident. However, the intensity of hybridization signal was not always parallel to that of immunoreactivity.

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“…It has also been shown that pyramidal cells detect spectral notches that are the cues for monoaural (vertical) sound source localization (Reiss and Young 2005). As for the other projection cells of the DCN [giant and Purkinjelike cells (Kane et al 1981;Rossi and Borsello 1993;Zhang and Oertel 1993;Hurd and Feldman 1994)], very little is known about their firing properties; thus far, no obvious function has been attributed to them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage-gated Potassium Channel (Kv) Subunits Expressed in the Rat Cochlear Nucleus

Rusznák

Bakondi

Pocsai

et al. 2008

J Histochem Cytochem.

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-Bihar Megyei Kené zy Gyula County Infirmary, Debrecen, Hungary (Á P) S U M M A R Y Because the neuronal membrane properties and firing characteristics are crucially affected by the depolarization-activated K 1 channel (Kv) subunits, data about the Kv distribution may provide useful information regarding the functionality of the neurons situated in the cochlear nucleus (CN). Using immunohistochemistry in free-floating slices, the distribution of seven Kv subunits was described in the rat CN. Positive labeling was observed for Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 3.1, 3.4, 4.2, and 4.3 subunits. Giant and octopus neurons showed particularly strong immunopositivity for Kv3.1; octopus neurons showed intense Kv1.1-and 1.2-specific reactions also. In the latter case, an age-dependent change of the expression pattern was also documented; although both young and older animals produced definite labeling for Kv1.2, the intensity of the reaction increased in older animals and was accompanied with the translocation of the Kv1.2 subunits to the cell surface membrane. The granule cell layer exhibited strong Kv4.2-specific immunopositivity, and markedly Kv4.2-positive glomerular synapses were also seen. It was found that neither giant nor pyramidal cells were uniform in terms of their Kv expression patterns. Our data provide new information about the Kv expression of the CN and also suggest potential functional heterogeneity of the giant and pyramidal cells. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:443-465, 2008) K E Y W O R D S hearing rhodamine immunohistochemistry confocal microscopy age dependence glomerular synapse THE MAMMALIAN cochlear nucleus (CN) is an assembly point of numerous types of neurons forming local networks that receive and process the primary acoustic information arriving from the cochlea (Brawer et al. 1974;Disterhoft et al. 1980;Webster and Trune 1982;Hackney et al. 1990). The nucleus is divided into three morphologically distinct parts (anteroventral, posteroventral, and dorsal divisions; aVCN, pVCN, and DCN, respectively), each contacted by the incoming and branching axons of the auditory nerve (Moore 1986). Because of the fact that these regions of the CN play different roles in the processing of the auditory information, the parallel secondary pathways emerging from the CN and targeting higher centers in the brain carry activity patterns, providing information about different features of the sound (Cant and Benson 2003; Malmierca 2003).To understand the function of the CN, it is essential to know how the various cell types contribute to its overall task. Thus far, numerous authors have provided valuable information about the morphological and functional properties of the individual CN neurons, revealing that the behavior and firing characteristics of the projection cells of the CN are markedly different. The bushy neurons (Brawer et al. 1974) of the VCN produce rapidly adapting (type II) response pattern [i.e., they fire a single action potential at the start of suprathreshold electrical stimulation (Manis and Marx 1991;Schwarz an...

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Purkinje-like cells in rat cochlear nucleus

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Transgenic Mice Carrying a Highly Regulated Human Renin Transgene

The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Transgenic Mice Carrying a Highly Regulated Human Renin Transgene

Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORα in the Mouse Nervous System

Voltage-gated Potassium Channel (Kv) Subunits Expressed in the Rat Cochlear Nucleus

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