Purple bacteria as added-value protein ingredient in shrimp feed: Penaeus vannamei growth performance, and tolerance against Vibrio and ammonia stress

Abstract

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an extremely destructive virus in shrimp farming which has caused a serious economic loss to global shrimp industry. Learning its infection routes is the basis for WSSV prevention and control. The digestive tract and gill were generally considered to be the target tissues for WSSV entry into shrimp. However, whether there is any other target tissue for WSSV entry into the shrimp is still not clear. In the present study, we firstly found that the transcripts of WSSV could be detected in the antennal gland of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in the sea water without any signs of disease. Considering that the antennal gland is an important organ which functions in regulating the osmotic pressure and balance of ions in shrimp, we want to know whether it is also an entry for WSSV infection to shrimp. The spatial expressions of WSSV in shrimp tissues including antennal gland were firstly analyzed in shrimp naturally infected with WSSV, and the data showed that WSSV could be detected in antennal gland of shrimp at the early stages of WSSV infection, and intact virus particles were observed under transmission electronic microscope. Reverse perfusion of WSSV into antennal gland could cause the infection and lead to the death of shrimp. Incubation of WSSV with antennal gland tissues in vitro also led to the replication of WSSV in cultured antennal gland. These data indicated that antennal gland was an entry of WSSV into shrimp to cause the infection. The effect of salinity on WSSV infection was analyzed, and the data showed that salinity stress could induce faster WSSV replication in antennal gland, and accelerate the process of disease. Our study confirmed a new infection route of WSSV, and salinity stress could lead to the disease outbreak caused by WSSV. These data will provide useful information for the development of strategy for WSSV prevention and control.

Aerobes and phototrophs as microbial organic fertilizers: Exploring mineralization, fertilization and plant protection features

“…Three types of microbial fertilizers are generally considered for microbial fertilizer production on secondary resources: (i) a consortium of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB); [ 22 ], (ii) photoautotrophic microalgae (MA); [ 23 , 24 ] and (iii) photoheterotrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB); [ 17 , 18 , 25 , 26 ]. AHB are probably the most widely applied and explored microbial fertilizers.…”

Cocultivating aerobic heterotrophs and purple bacteria for microbial protein in sequential photo- and chemotrophic reactors

“…The biomass of PNSB is appealing with a high protein content (40-61 g protein 100 g − 1 TSS), an outstanding protein quality (appealing profile EAA) and vitamins such as B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, E and biotin (Sasaki et al, 1998). PNSB are studied as a feed ingredient, yet they are unique due to their addedvalue properties beyond the nutritional content: (i) they enhance the growth performance of several fish species and shrimp (Alloul et al, 2021;Chowdhury et al, 2016;Delamare-Deboutteville et al, 2019;Noparatnaraporn et al, 1987;Shapawi et al, 2012), (ii) have antimicrobial properties against shrimp Vibrio pathogens as demonstrated by our previous work (Alloul et al, 2021), (iii) contain antioxidants such as carotenoids (Sasaki et al, 1998) and (iv) can have color benefits for aquaculture animals (Noparatnaraporn et al, 1987). These bacteria can also serve as an astronaut food ingredient in regenerative life-support systems (Clauwaert et al, 2017) and live or dried PNSB have added value in crop production (Spanoghe et al, 2020).…”

From Lab to Farm: Elucidating the Beneficial Roles of Photosynthetic Bacteria in Sustainable Agriculture

“…Since PNSB possess versatile metabolic pathways, they are attractive candidates for multiple industrial applications. For example, they are broadly applied in the fisheries industry [35] and livestock industry, in bioremediation for sewage and heavy metals [36,37] and in the production of biofuels (photohydrogen or electricity) [38,39].…”