Purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract regulates redox state related to gut microbiota homeostasis in obese mice

Abstract

This study explored the advantageous effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract (PSPAE) on redox state in obese mice. The normal chow diet (NCD) group, high‐fat/cholesterol diet (HCD) group, and three groups based on HCD and added with low, middle, and high dose of PSPAE (PAL, PAM, and PAH) were raised for 12 weeks. High dose of PSPAE treatment decreased the elevations of the body weight by 24.7%, serum total cholesterol by 48.3%, serum triglyceride by 42.4%, and elevated serum activities of glutathione peroxidase by 53.3%, superoxide dismutase by 57.8%, catalase by 75.4%, decreased serum contents of malondialdehyde by 27.1% and lipopolysaccharides by 40.5%, as well as increased caecal total short‐chain fatty acid by 2.05‐fold. Additionally, PSPAE depressed toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4), nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and preserved nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression. Similarly, the protein expression of Nrf2 was enhanced, while TLR‐4 and p‐NF‐κB/NF‐κB were depressed by PSPAE treatment. Moreover, PSPAE administration promoted the protection of intestinal barrier function and rebuilt gut microbiota homeostasis by blooming g_Akkermansia, g_Bifidobacterium, and g_Lactobacillus. Furthermore, antibiotic interference experiments showed that the gut microbiota was indispensable for preserving the redox state of PSPAE. These results suggested that PSPAE administration could be an opportunity for improving HCD‐induced obesity and the redox state related to gut dysbiosis. Practical Application Purple sweet potato anthocyanin has diverse pharmacological properties. It is applicable for individuals to consume extracts (as pills or other forms) from raw purple sweet potato if they want to improve obesity or redox state.

Effect of anthocyanins on gut health markers, Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio and short-chain fatty acids: a systematic review via meta-analysis

“…This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that dietary anthocyanin supplementation profoundly improves rodent models' gut health biomarkers (Fir/Bac and SCFAs). This finding was supported by studies carried out after cut off time limit of this studies [77][78][79][80][81] . According to certain research articles, the Fir/Bac ratio is a defining characteristic of obesity.…”

Purple sweet potato anthocyanins normalize the blood glucose concentration and restore the gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Therefore, measuring GSH-PX activity can indirectly reflect the degree of damage to organ function in diabetic mice. In our study, after PSPA intervention, the GSH-PX concentration in mouse serum significantly increased, which helped maintain homeostasis in the physiological environment to a certain extent [ 20 ]. reported a similar effect, showing that a high dose of PSPA extract (917 mg/kg body weight) increased the antioxidant capacity (catalase, GSH-PX, and superoxide dismutase activities) and reduced malondialdehyde concentration in the serum and liver of obese mice.…”

“…After one week of acclimatization, the mice were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), model (M), low- (LP, 227.5 mg/kg), medium- (MP, 455 mg/kg), and high-dose (HP, 910 mg/kg) PSPA (13 mice in each group), the dosages of PSPA were referred to Ref. [ 20 ]. Group C was fed a maintained diet, the M, LP, MP, and HP groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), the energy supply ratio of protein, fat, and carbohydrate are 20.6 %, 12 %, 67.4 %, and 19.07 %, 60.34 %, 20.59 %, respectively.…”

Black Rice Anthocyanidins Regulates Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Related Symptoms through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…Clostridium spp. is positively correlated with chronic infammation, serum TG, TC, and TNF-α levels [34], and TNF-α can activate various signaling cascades and induce insulin resistance. Akkermansia is negatively correlated with obesity and diabetes.…”