Pursuing safer batteries: Thermal abuse of LiFePO4 cells

Bugryniec, Peter J.; Davidson, Jonathan N.; Cumming, Denis J.; Brown, Solomon

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.01.013

Cited by 98 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Herein, we describe some laboratory technology aspects of fabrication of mechanically strong electrodes with high areal capacity using CNTs as conductive additives and LiFePO 4 (LFP) as an active material. The indisputable advantages of LFP compared with other cathode materials are high thermal stability, relatively low cost, and environmental friendliness . However, as a rule, LFP is utilized in batteries with high specific power exceeding 2000 W kg −1 , whereas its energy density is about 130 Wh kg −1 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

On the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Prototyping the High Energy Density Li‐ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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This article is devoted to the laboratory technology aspects of high areal capacity electrode (more than 5 mAh cm−2) fabrication using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive additives and LiFePO4 as an active material. The influence of electrode slurry rheological properties and electrode composition on its areal (mAh cm−2), volumetric (mAh cm−3), and gravimetric (mAh g−1) capacity, and C‐rate performance has been studied. Using the small‐angle neutron scattering technique, it is shown that the CNT network embedded in the electrode layer provides greater wettability by an electrolyte compared with carbon black used as conductive additive. The practical applicability of the considered electrode technology is approved on a pouch cell prototype with a capacity of approximately 1.9 Ah and specific energy density of 150 Wh kg (cell)−1/295 Wh L (cell)−1.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

On the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Prototyping the High Energy Density Li‐ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…Above 55°C to 60°C (the range of variation corresponds to the variation of the corresponding discharge rate), the heat generation rate increases with temperature. The increase in heat generation rate in the higher temperature range can be attributed to the undesirable side reactions such as the decomposition of thermally unstable compounds formed on the electrode surfaces during the cell operation . An example decomposition reaction of the metastable component of solid electrolyte interface is provided in the supporting information (Equation S3 or S4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criticality of incorporating explicit in‐situ measurement of temperature‐dependent heat generation for accurate design of thermal management system for Li‐ion battery pack

Jindal

Bhattacharya

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) relies on the performance of the thermal management system. For optimum thermal management, precise estimation of heat generation rate is crucial. This paper illustrates the criticality of the inclusion of explicit in-situ temperature dependence of heat generation rate as opposed to the state of the art models. We test a cylindrical LiFePO 4 (LFP) cell over a broad range (typical of EV cells) of discharge rate (2.3 C-13.6 C) and temperature (20 C-70 C) and observe a non-monotonic trend where heat rate decreases first up to 55 C to 60 C (depending upon the discharge rate) and then starts to increase. The trend does not fit into any existing heat generation model of Li-ion battery, and hence we separately include it to simulate the heat transfer behaviour of a module. Simulations confirm the substantial difference of temperature from the conventional analysis where the temperature dependency is characterized inadequately. Current work demonstrates the counter-intuitive non-monotonic temperature dependence of heat rate, the effect of the same on peak module temperature and thus assists in improving the design methodology of the thermal management system of EV battery packs. Highlights

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“…23,24 Phosphate cathodes have oxygen bonded covalently in phosphate groups, and reaction with typical electrolytes is rare for LFP. [25][26][27] From a safety perspective, LFP is quite desirable, 6,[26][27][28][29] but it has a lower energy density and a number of other challenges. 23,24 LFP cells are not immune to thermal runaway because anode thermal decomposition can still occur, 28,29 but the sudden onset of cathode heat release is rarely observed, making them significantly safer.…”

Section: Cathode-electrolyte Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From material properties to multiscale modeling to improve lithium-ion energy storage safety

et al. 2021

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Energy storage using lithium-ion cells dominates consumer electronics and is rapidly becoming predominant in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, but the high energy densities attained lead to the potential for release of this stored chemical energy. This article introduces some of the paths by which this energy might be unintentionally released, relating cell material properties to the physical processes associated with this potential release. The selected paths focus on the anode–electrolyte and cathode–electrolyte interactions that are of typical concern for current and near-future systems. Relevant material processes include bulk phase transformations, bulk diffusion, surface reactions, transport limitations across insulating passivation layers, and the potential for more complex material structures to enhance safety. We also discuss the development, parameterization, and application of predictive models for this energy release and give examples of the application of these models to gain further insight into the development of safer energy storage systems.

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Pursuing safer batteries: Thermal abuse of LiFePO4 cells

Cited by 98 publications

References 54 publications

On the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Prototyping the High Energy Density Li‐ion Batteries

On the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Prototyping the High Energy Density Li‐ion Batteries

Criticality of incorporating explicit in‐situ measurement of temperature‐dependent heat generation for accurate design of thermal management system for Li‐ion battery pack

From material properties to multiscale modeling to improve lithium-ion energy storage safety

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