Pushing the Theoretical Limit of Li-CF<sub><i>x</i></sub> Batteries: A Tale of Bifunctional Electrolyte

Rangasamy, Ezhiylmurugan; Li, Juchuan; Sahu, Gayatri; Dudney, Nancy J.; Liang, Chengdu

doi:10.1021/ja5026358

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The disc surface is covered with a film made with binder fibril (Figure 2a). In accordance with the well-known mechanism of formation of LiF with the reduction of CFx [1,6,7], these particles can be attributed to LiF. The high concentration on the surface and edges suggests that LiF is formed outside the carbon lattice during the discharge.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Advanced Carbon Fluorides For Primary Lithium Batteries

2017

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Li-CFx battery using a specific fluorinated nanocarbon as cathode material exhibits a capacity exceeding the expected theoretical value when used as an electrode material in primary lithium battery. Carbon nanodiscs were partially fluorinated by atomic fluorine released by thermal decomposition of TbF4, and the capacity of this material was up to 1180 mAh.g -1 , whereas a theoretical value of 847 mAh.g -1 for the CF0.95 sample was calculated. The obtained value is also higher than the maximum one of 865 mAh.g -1 expected for CF1 carbon fluorides. The discharge mechanism was investigated using mainly SEM and solid state NMR in order to understand this "extracapacity". Both the unfluorinated carbon and the LiF covering, which is formed outside the carbon lattice during the discharge mechanism, play a key role for the achievement of the extracapacity by the consumption of Li + to form Li2F + species stabilized by the carbon host structure formed after the electrochemical defluorination.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Advanced Carbon Fluorides For Primary Lithium Batteries

2017

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“…Fluorinated graphites and CNTs have been known for a while as 3 V materials for primary lithium batteries with high specifi c capacity, of more than 500mAh g −1 . [632][633][634][635][636] Fluorinated graphene however, has been only recently tested as positive electrode material. [ 637,638 ] Lithium borocarbide has been theoretically predicted as a unique material for LIBs.…”

Section: Graphene-inside Batteries and Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

300

204

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all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...

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“…However, this approach comes with a sacrifice in specific capacity. 62 The utilization of different nano-scale carbons as source materials for CFx production has also been investigated by researchers. The content of polymer affects the discharge performance of resulting product because of the catalytic effect of HF formed by the pyrolysis of the polymer on the decomposition of CFx and on the reaction of carbon black with the volatile fluorocarbons formed by the decomposition of CFx.…”

Section: Improving the Power Output Of Li/cfx Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress towards high-power Li/CF_xbatteries: electrode architectures using carbon nanotubes with CF_x

Zhang

Takeuchi

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Carbon monofluoride (CFx) has a high energy density, exceeding 2000 W h kg(-1), yet its application in primary lithium batteries is limited by its power capability. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are appealing additives for high-power batteries, due to their outstanding electronic transport properties, high aspect ratio necessitating low volume fraction for percolation, and high tensile strength. This perspective describes the current state of the art in lithium-carbon monofluoride (Li/CFx) batteries and highlights the opportunities for the development of high-power Li/CFx batteries via utilization of carbon nanotubes. In this report, we generated several electrode architectures using CFx/CNT combinations, and demonstrated the effectiveness of CNTs in enhancing the rate capability and energy density of Li/CFx batteries. First, we investigated the resistivity of CFx combined with CNTs and compared the CFx/CNT composites with conventional carbon additives. Second, we built CFx-CNT electrodes without metallic current collectors using CNTs as substrates, and compared their electrochemical performance with conventional CFx electrodes using aluminum foil as a current collector. Furthermore, we fabricated multi-layered CNT-CFx-CNT composite electrodes (sandwich electrodes) and studied the impact of the structure on the performance of the electrode. Our work demonstrates some of the opportunities for utilization of CNTs in CFx electrodes and the resultant implementation of CFx as a battery cathode in next-generation high-power batteries.

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Pushing the Theoretical Limit of Li-CF_x Batteries: A Tale of Bifunctional Electrolyte

Cited by 78 publications

References 25 publications

Advanced Carbon Fluorides For Primary Lithium Batteries

Advanced Carbon Fluorides For Primary Lithium Batteries

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Progress towards high-power Li/CF_xbatteries: electrode architectures using carbon nanotubes with CF_x

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Pushing the Theoretical Limit of Li-CFx Batteries: A Tale of Bifunctional Electrolyte

Cited by 78 publications

References 25 publications

Advanced Carbon Fluorides For Primary Lithium Batteries

Advanced Carbon Fluorides For Primary Lithium Batteries

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Progress towards high-power Li/CFxbatteries: electrode architectures using carbon nanotubes with CFx

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Product

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Pushing the Theoretical Limit of Li-CF_x Batteries: A Tale of Bifunctional Electrolyte

Progress towards high-power Li/CF_xbatteries: electrode architectures using carbon nanotubes with CF_x