Putative precipitating factors for hepatic encephalopathy in dogs: 118 cases (1991–2014)

Lidbury, Jonathan A.; Ivanek, Renata; Suchodolski, Jan S.; Steiner, Jörg M.

doi:10.2460/javma.247.2.176

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, it is much more technically difficult to accurately measure blood ammonia concentrations . Although hyperammonemia infers the presence of HE, HE can develop in the absence of high blood ammonia concentrations . Ammonium biurate crystalluria in dogs with CH provides evidence of episodic hyperammonemia.…”

Section: Clincal Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatic ultrasonography is the preferred imaging modality for the initial evaluation of dogs with suspected CH because it permits identification of alternative diagnoses or complicating factors (eg, PH, ascites, APSS, thrombi) . Ultrasound imaging can assist in deciding on the most prudent method of tissue acquisition and may facilitate needle biopsy sampling . Hepatic ultrasonography provides information regarding size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of the parenchyma, as well as information on the biliary tract and main vessels .…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…197,[201][202][203][204] Although hyperammonemia infers the presence of HE, HE can develop in the absence of high blood ammonia concentrations. 204,205 Ammonium biurate crystalluria in dogs with CH provides evidence of episodic hyperammonemia.…”

Section: Function Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[207][208][209] Ultrasound imaging can assist in deciding on the most prudent method of tissue acquisition and may facilitate needle biopsy sampling. 205 Hepatic ultrasonography provides information regarding size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of the parenchyma, as well as information on the biliary tract and main vessels. 208 However, imaging the liver in dogs with CH can be challenging…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs

Webster

Cullen

Penninck

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

198

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This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dogs. It was generated from expert opinion and information gathered from searching of PubMed for manuscripts on CH, the Veterinary Information Network for abstracts and conference proceeding from annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Medicine and the European College of Veterinary Medicine, and selected manuscripts from the human literature on CH. The panel recognizes that the diagnosis and treatment of CH in the dog is a complex process that requires integration of clinical presentation with clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, and hepatic biopsy. Essential to this process is an index of suspicion for CH, knowledge of how to best collect tissue samples, access to a pathologist with experience in assessing hepatic histopathology, knowledge of reasonable medical interventions, and a strategy for monitoring treatment response and complications.

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Section: Clincal Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Function Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs

Webster

Cullen

Penninck

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples of preanalytic errors include lack of patient fasting, iatrogenic hemolysis, mislabeling of samples, and inappropriate sample storage. Measurement of whole blood and plasma ammonium concentration is useful for diagnosis of portovascular anomalies and hepatic encephalopathy and for monitoring response to treatment in people and dogs (Barsotti, 2001; Lidbury et al, 2015; Natesan, Mani & Arumugam, 2016). Ammonium is very labile, and time and temperature have significant preanalytic effects on laboratory results in people (Heins, Heil & Withold, 1995; Howanitz et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of cooling conditions on temperature of canine EDTA whole blood samples

Tobias

Serrano

Sun

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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BackgroundPreanalytic factors such as time and temperature can have significant effects on laboratory test results. For example, ammonium concentration will increase 31% in blood samples stored at room temperature for 30 min before centrifugation. To reduce preanalytic error, blood samples may be placed in precooled tubes and chilled on ice or in ice water baths; however, the effectiveness of these modalities in cooling blood samples has not been formally evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various cooling modalities on reducing temperature of EDTA whole blood samples.MethodsPooled samples of canine EDTA whole blood were divided into two aliquots. Saline was added to one aliquot to produce a packed cell volume (PCV) of 40% and to the second aliquot to produce a PCV of 20% (simulated anemia). Thirty samples from each aliquot were warmed to 37.7 °C and cooled in 2 ml allotments under one of three conditions: in ice, in ice after transfer to a precooled tube, or in an ice water bath. Temperature of each sample was recorded at one minute intervals for 15 min.ResultsWithin treatment conditions, sample PCV had no significant effect on cooling. Cooling in ice water was significantly faster than cooling in ice only or transferring the sample to a precooled tube and cooling it on ice. Mean temperature of samples cooled in ice water was significantly lower at 15 min than mean temperatures of those cooled in ice, whether or not the tube was precooled. By 4 min, samples cooled in an ice water bath had reached mean temperatures less than 4 °C (refrigeration temperature), while samples cooled in other conditions remained above 4.0 °C for at least 11 min. For samples with a PCV of 40%, precooling the tube had no significant effect on rate of cooling on ice. For samples with a PCV of 20%, transfer to a precooled tube resulted in a significantly faster rate of cooling than direct placement of the warmed tube onto ice.DiscussionCanine EDTA whole blood samples cool most rapidly and to a greater degree when placed in an ice-water bath rather than in ice. Samples stored on ice water can rapidly drop below normal refrigeration temperatures; this should be taken into consideration when using this cooling modality.

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Acute Liver Failure

Mandell

2018

Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine

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Putative precipitating factors for hepatic encephalopathy in dogs: 118 cases (1991–2014)

Abstract: Results indicated that hepatic encephalopathy treatment alleviated clinical signs of the disease. Further investigation is necessary to identify precipitating factors for hepatic encephalopathy in dogs.

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs

ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs

The effectiveness of cooling conditions on temperature of canine EDTA whole blood samples

Acute Liver Failure

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