Putative Role of Red Wine Polyphenols against Brain Pathology in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders and hence pose remarkable socio-economical burdens to both families and state. Although AD and PD have different clinical and neuropathological features, they share common molecular mechanisms that appear to be triggered by multi-factorial events, such as protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. Currently, there are no established and validated disease-modifying strategies for either AD or PD. Among the various lifestyle factors that may prevent or slow age-related neurodegenerative diseases, epidemiological studies on moderate consumption of red wine, especially as part of a holistic Mediterranean diet, have attracted increasing interest. Red wine is particularly rich in specific polyphenolic compounds that appear to affect the biological processes of AD and PD, such as quercetin, myricetin, catechins, tannins, anthocyanidins, resveratrol, and ferulic acid. Indeed, there is now a consistent body of in vitro and in vivo data on the neuroprotective effects of red wine polyphenols (RWP) showing that they do not merely possess antioxidant properties, but may additionally act upon, in a multi-target manner, the underlying key mechanisms featuring in both AD and PD. Furthermore, it is important that bioavailability issues are addressed in order for neuroprotection to be relevant in a clinical study scenario. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the major classes of RWP and places into perspective their potential to be considered as nutraceuticals to target neuropathology in AD and PD.

Mediterranean diet adherence is related to reduced probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease

“…), which have been shown to exert antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and thereby may conceivably protect from neurodegeneration. 36,[41][42][43][44] Concomitantly, these MeDi components and the whole MeDi pattern have been associated with favorable gut microbiota characteristics, [45][46][47] possibly ameliorating the gut-tobrain signaling and therefore beneficially affecting neuronal functioning in both the enteral and central nervous system. [38][39][40]48 Nevertheless, given that the association of MeDi with lower probability score of pPD in our study still remains when performing the analysis without constipation, this raises the possibility that association of MeDi with other pPD markers may be also pertinent.…”

Resveratrol for Alzheimer's disease

“…Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red grapes, red wine, and other plant foods, is receiving increasing attention owing to its medical potential. Accumulating evidence of the neuroprotective effects of red wine implicate several bioactive molecules, including quercetin, myricetin, catechins, tannins, anthocyanidins, ferulic acid, and resveratrol . Similar to caloric restriction, resveratrol treatment decreases age‐dependent cognitive decline and AD‐like pathologies in animal models .…”

Therapeutic alternative of the ketogenic Mediterranean diet to improve mitochondrial activity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): A Comprehensive Review

“…Wine contains a wide variety of phenolic compounds such as quercetin, myricetin, catechins, tannins, anthocyanidins, resveratrol, and ferulic acid (Caruana, Cauchi, & Vassallo, 2016), which have been linked to preventing or delaying the progression of intestinal diseases characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Wine contains a wide variety of phenolic compounds such as quercetin, myricetin, catechins, tannins, anthocyanidins, resveratrol, and ferulic acid (Caruana, Cauchi, & Vassallo, 2016), which have been linked to preventing or delaying the progression of intestinal diseases characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation.…”

“…In addition, neuroprotective effects have also been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, not only thanks to the antioxidant property, but also through a combined ability to antagonize amyloid aggregation, suppress neuroinflammation, modulate signaling pathways, and decrease mitochondrial dysfunction (Caruana et al, 2016). …”