Putting complex systems to work

Abbott, Russ

doi:10.1002/cplx.20200

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…About, for instance, defines emergence as phenomena that are independent of their implementation [26]. This is an extremely interesting definition (see also [27]) but leaves us to wonder how we can then achieve it in a reality setting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why complex systems engineering needs biological development

Banzhaf

Pillay

2007

Complexity

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why complex systems engineering needs biological development

Banzhaf

Pillay

2007

Complexity

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“…Quite interestingly, it has also been of considerable interest in Computer Science and in particular in Artificial Intelligence (e.g. [1,2,37,60,84]) but not so much in the IS literature, [39,46,58,61] as exceptions.…”

Section: The Concept Of Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since in the ordinary language the word "emerge" may be used as a synonym to words such as "appear" and "rise", it is quite difficult to conduct a bibliographic search on the more "technical" use of the word in the context of information 2 Predictability is, of course, a matter of degree. Therefore, many qualities of information and software systems such as reliability, maintainability, efficiency can be regarded as emergent properties-they are system-level qualities hard to reduce to the system components and usually not completely predictable.…”

Section: The Concept Of Emergence In the Mainstream Is Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, this paper does not attempt to provide any definite definition, but conceptualizes "emergence" in terms of a number of characteristics shared by "emergent" systems. However, in the case of "emergence" I will focus on the "dynamic emergence" rather than on the "static emergence" [1,2]. Static emergence can be illustrated by emergent properties such as the number of bedrooms in a house or the durability of a spider web.…”

Section: The Concept Of Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complex software and information systems tend to have such unexpected emergence, since the prediction of their behavior is usually difficult, due to the fact that the state space of the system is very large, the system rarely returns to a state already visited, especially if the system is able to learn and adapt [37,67]. 2 …”

Section: The Concept Of Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Endogenously Emergent Information Systems

Iivari

2017

Complexity in Information Systems Development

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Systems Engineering and Nanotechnology

Sample¹,

Benkoski²

2010

INSIGHT

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N anotechnology is technology that is based on the exploitation of properties of nanomaterials, which are materials with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. The ability to reproducibly control matter at this extreme scale is important to both the development and success of nanotechnology and has been enabled by advances in instrumentation, synthesis, fabrication, and characterization in the past few decades (Siegel et al. 1999, 336). These advances include the ability to image and manipulate individual atoms, the ability to synthesize monodisperse nanoparticles, the discovery and manufacture of carbon nanotubes, and nanoscale lithography. A nanotechnology-enhanced component may appear to be little more than a pile of powder (Nohynek 2007), a bottle of solution (Daniel 2004), or an invisible surface coating (Ulman 1996). Despite concerns that the small length scales complicate the management of functional interfaces within a macroscopic system, the majority of nanomaterials that are in use today operate through aggregate behavior and therefore have little functional difference from a bulk material.Although the discovery and subsequent exploitation of nanomaterials have led to some of the greatest leaps in physical properties over the last twenty years, the technology still has its limitations. The systems engineer must be mindful of the underlying physics in order to properly apply these technologies to meet customer needs and objectives. The main advantages conferred by the reduced length scale include (1) quantum effects, (2) non-averaged properties, (3) large surface-to-volume ratio, (4) short diffusion lengths, and (5) thermal activation.The large surface-to-volume ratio arises from the fact that surface area scales with the square of size, whereas the volume scales with the third power. Consequently, 60% of the atoms in a 2.5 nm nanoparticle are at the surface (Wengemayr 2001). The large surface area has implications for any process that occurs at a surface: catalysis, conduction, chromatography, detection, friction, or adhesion. In most of these processes, the properties improve with increasing surface area without limit. Nanotechnology is therefore especially important for power-and-energy systems because batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaics, and fuel cells all perform their function across a material-to-material interface. Short diffusion lengths also benefit the performance of these power-andenergy systems. By decreasing the distance over which an atom, ion, or electron has to travel, the amount of time required decreases accordingly. For diffusive processes, the rate scales with the inverse square of distance, greatly improving power generation.Examples of such behavior can be seen in living systems. All organisms exploit nanotechnology in the sense that cell membranes, proteins, and DNA are all nanoscale objects. So everything from chemical detection by ants, the logic function of the human brain, and the mechanical properties of abalone shells depend in one form or another on nanoscale pheno...

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Putting complex systems to work

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Why complex systems engineering needs biological development

Why complex systems engineering needs biological development

Endogenously Emergent Information Systems

Systems Engineering and Nanotechnology

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