Putting Feelings Into Words

Lieberman, Matthew D.; Eisenberger, Naomi I.; Crockett, Molly J.; Tom, Sabrina M.; Pfeifer, Jennifer H.; Way, Baldwin M.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.x

Cited by 908 publications

(498 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Identify safety signals (objects, people, medication) and safety behaviors (staying near the exit, over-preparation), and wean them during exposures Salkovskis, 1991;Sloan & Telch, 2002 Linguistic processing Label emotions and stimuli during exposure Kircanski et al in press;Lieberman et al, 2007 Multiple contexts Vary the context of exposure, including specific locations, presence of others, times of day, mood states, and temporal relationship to therapy sessions. Culver et al, 2011;Mystkowski et al, 2002;Mystkowski et al, 2003;Mysktowski et al, 2006 Behavioral aid to reconsolidation Brief exposure to a CS (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Inhibition in Exposure Therapy

Craske

Liao

Brown

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

210

140

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While many researchers have largely focused on principles of systematic desensitization and habituation in explaining fear extinction, these processes have mixed evidence at best. In particular, these models do not account for spontaneous recovery or reinstatement of fear, nor do they explain the context dependency of extinction or rapid reacquisition. This may in part account for the significant number of patients who fail to respond to our available treatments which rely on these principles in designing exposure sessions. However, recent research is converging to suggest that an inhibitory model of fear reduction, in which the original feared association (CS-US) remains but is inhibited by a newly formed association (CS-noUS) representing safety, holds promise in explaining the long-term attenuation of fear and anxiety. This paper reviews research in a number of areas, including neuroimaging, psychophysiology, and psychopharmacology that all provide support for the inhibition model of anxiety. Limitations to this body of research are discussed, along with recommendations for future research and suggestions for improving exposure therapy for fear and anxiety disorders. Clinical implications discussed in this paper include incorporating random and variable practice in exposure sessions, multiple contexts, and pharmacological aides, among others.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Inhibition in Exposure Therapy

Craske

Liao

Brown

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

210

140

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“…According to a neuroimaging study, when facing a fear-evoking situation, stronger coupling between the caudate and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) resulted in less urge and no unrealistic reactions, but stronger coupling between the caudate and sgACC resulted in greater urge and unrealistic reactions [69]. Meanwhile, the right vlPFC has been implicated in affect labeling that can reduce negative emotional responses in the amygdala [71], and the sgACC is related to fear and depression and postulated as the Depressor part of the vmPFC. Thus, MBB provides a leverage, similar to affective labeling, to name an urge-laden emotional process as an "activated Identity System" such that initial urge-like tension and racing thoughts related to a latent Requirement can be cognitively managed and, eventually, original unrealistic expectations may be updated and thus defuse the Requirement.…”

Section: Brain-based Model For Mind-body Bridgingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing Dysfunctional Identity: Bridging Mind-Body Intervention to Brain Systems

Ho¹,

Nakamura²

2017

JBBS

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In this paper, we aim to use an innovative model to integrate applied work on a fast-acting mind-body intervention, Mind-Body Bridging (MBB), with theoretical work based on psychology and neuroscience. In an affect-object generative inference and regulation (AGIR) model, we propose that functional dynamics between two systems, the affect-object thought generation system and the cognitive control system, can guide an individual to achieve homeostasis within self and harmonious relationships with others. We used Neurosynth (www.neurosynth.org), an automated meta-analysis database, to identify potential brain substrates underlying the key components in the AGIR model. Based on the findings, some brain regions are implicated as the key cortical substrates in this model, corroborating our central hypothesis that a hallmark of mind-body wellbeing can be characterized as a low-frequency anti-correlantion between 1) the cognitive control system including the dorsal anterior/middle cingulate cortex, and 2) the affect-object thought generation system including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. MBB provides an efficient strategy for responding to and dissolving a fundamental problem that impairs mind-body wellbeing, i.e., unrealistic identity-grasping consisting of self-centered embodied expectations of self and others. We demonstrated how theoretical and applied work could be integrated by drawing evidence from the neuroscience literature to support the AGIR model, and then we applied the AGIR model to elucidate how MBB might work.

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“…A number of neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that labeling one's emotional experience activates areas of the PFC, and reduces activation in the amygdala (Gorno-Tempini et al, 2001;Hariri, Bookheimer, & Mazziotta, 2000;Hariri, Mattay, Tessitore, Fera, & Weinberger, 2003;Narumoto et al, 2000). The right ventrolateral PFC is consistently activated during affect labeling (Cunningham, Johnson, Chris, Gore, & Banaji, 2003;Lieberman et al, 2007;Narumoto et al, 2000), and it is presumed that this region downregulates amygdala activation. The principle of neural plasticity states that repetition of a process can increase efficiency and efficacy of that process through changes in neuron function, chemical profile, and structure (Anderson, 2010;Kandel & Schwartz, 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety

Niles

Craske

Lieberman

et al. 2015

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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a b s t r a c tExposure is an effective treatment for anxiety but many patients do not respond fully. Affect labeling (labeling emotional experience) attenuates emotional responding. The current project examined whether affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness in participants with public speaking anxiety. Participants were randomized to exposure with or without affect labeling. Physiological arousal and selfreported fear were assessed before and after exposure and compared between groups. Consistent with hypotheses, participants assigned to Affect Labeling, especially those who used more labels during exposure, showed greater reduction in physiological activation than Control participants. No effect was found for self-report measures. Also, greater emotion regulation deficits at baseline predicted more benefit in physiological arousal from exposure combined with affect labeling than exposure alone. The current research provides evidence that behavioral strategies that target prefrontal-amygdala circuitry can improve treatment effectiveness for anxiety and these effects are particularly pronounced for patients with the greatest deficits in emotion regulation.

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Putting Feelings Into Words

Cited by 908 publications

References 27 publications

Role of Inhibition in Exposure Therapy

Role of Inhibition in Exposure Therapy

Healing Dysfunctional Identity: Bridging Mind-Body Intervention to Brain Systems

Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety

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