PV output smoothing with energy storage.

Ellis, Abraham; Schoenwald, David A.; Hawkins, John N.; Willard, Steve; Arellano, Brian

doi:10.2172/1039003

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The existing, operational PNM battery PV-smoothing control [2] implemented in the BESS determines the desired battery power output to meet a target output power. The BESS controller uses a moving average sliding window or low-pass filter of the PV power history to determine the target smooth power output, P smooth , of the PV and battery system.…”

Section: Battery Energy Storage System (Bess)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM) has a 500 kW photovoltaic (PV) system co-located with a 500 kW, 500 kWh valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) smoothing battery [1] at the Prosperity site near the Albuquerque Airport. The battery uses a control algorithm developed by Sandia [2,3] to perform smoothing of the PV power. The New Energy and Industrial Development Organization of Japan (NEDO), in partnership with PNM, the University of New Mexico, and Sandia National Labs has developed a smart grid demonstration project at Mesa del Sol, to investigate building microgrid operations, integrating renewable energy generation with traditional generation, and employing storage to control PV power variability [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental comparison of PV-smoothing controllers using distributed generators

Johnson

Ellis

Denda

et al. 2014

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The power output variability of photovoltaic systems can affect local electrical grids in locations with high renewable energy penetrations or weak distribution or transmission systems. In those rare cases, quick controllable generators (e.g., energy storage systems) or loads can counteract the destabilizing effects by compensating for the power fluctuations. Previously, control algorithms for coordinated and uncoordinated operation of a small natural gas engine-generator (genset) and a battery for smoothing PV plant output were optimized using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The simulations demonstrated that a traditional generation resource such as a natural gas genset in combination with a battery would smooth the photovoltaic output while using a smaller battery state of charge (SOC) range and extending the life of the battery. This paper reports on the experimental implementation of the coordinated and uncoordinated controllers to verify the simulations and determine the differences in the controllers. The experiments were performed with the PNM PV and energy storage Prosperity site and a gas engine-generator located at the Aperture Center at Mesa Del Sol in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Two field demonstrations were performed to compare the different PV smoothing control algorithms: (1) implementing the coordinated and uncoordinated controls while switching off a subsection of the PV array at precise times on successive clear days, and (2) comparing the results of the battery and genset outputs for the coordinated control on a high variability day with simulations of the coordinated and uncoordinated controls. It was found that for certain PV power profiles the SOC range of the battery may be larger with the coordinated control, but the total amp-hours through the battery-which approximates battery wear-will always be smaller with the coordinated control.

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Section: Battery Energy Storage System (Bess)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental comparison of PV-smoothing controllers using distributed generators

Johnson

Ellis

Denda

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The existing PNM battery-PV smoothing control [2] determines the desired power required from a controllable resource (battery or gas engine-generator) using a moving average sliding window or low-pass-filtered version of the PV power history. The idea is that the controllable resource would make up the difference between the PV power output and the smoothed power output profile (i.e., error signal).…”

Section: Combined Gas Engine-generator and Battery Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of a DOE-sponsored energy storage demonstration, Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM) has a 500 kW photovoltaic (PV) system co-located with a 500 kW, 330 kWh valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) smoothing battery [1] at the Prosperity site near the Albuquerque Airport. The battery is currently used to demonstrate smoothing of the PV power, using a control algorithm developed by Sandia [2]. The New Energy and Industrial Development Organization of Japan (NEDO), in partnership with PNM, the University of New Mexico, and Sandia National Labs has developed a smart grid demonstration project at Mesa del Sol, to investigate, among other things, the benefits of using traditional generation in addition to storage to control PV power variability [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PV output smoothing using a battery and natural gas engine-generator.

Johnson¹,

Ellis²,

Denda³

et al. 2013

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In some situations involving weak grids or high penetration scenarios, the variability of photovoltaic systems can affect the local electrical grid. In order to mitigate destabilizing effects of power fluctuations, an energy storage device or other controllable generation or load can be used. This paper describes the development of a controller for coordinated operation of a small gas engine-generator set (genset) and a battery for smoothing PV plant output. There are a number of benefits derived from using a traditional generation resource in combination with the battery; the variability of the photovoltaic system can be reduced to a specific level with a smaller battery and Power Conditioning System (PCS) and the lifetime of the battery can be extended. The controller was designed specifically for a PV/energy storage project (Prosperity) and a gas engine-generator (Mesa Del Sol) currently operating on the same feeder in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A number of smoothing simulations of the Prosperity PV were conducted using power data collected from the site. By adjusting the control parameters, tradeoffs between battery use and ramp rates could be tuned. A cost function was created to optimize the control in order to balance, in this example, the need to have low ramp rates with reducing battery size and operation. Simulations were performed for cases with only a genset or battery, and with and without coordinated control between the genset and battery, e.g., without the communication link between sites or during a communication failure. The degree of smoothing without coordinated control did not change significantly because the battery dominated the smoothing response. It is anticipated that this work will be followed by a field demonstration in the near future. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis work was funded by the

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