PV-Powered Charging Station for Electric Vehicles: Power Management with Integrated V2G

Abstract

The increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to an increase in power demand from the public grid; hence, a photovoltaic based charging station for an electric vehicle (EV) can participate to solve some peak power problems. On the other hand, vehicle-to-grid technology is designed and applied to provide ancillary services to the grid during the peak periods, considering the duality of EV battery “load-source”. In this paper, a dynamic searching peak and valley algorithm, based on energy management, is proposed for an EV charging station to mitigate the impact on the public grid, while reducing the energy cost of the public grid. The proposed searching peak and valley algorithm can determine the optimal charging/discharging start time of EV in consideration of the initial state of charge, charging modes, arrival time, departure time, and the peak periods. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed searching peak and valley algorithm’s effectiveness, which can guarantee the balance of the public grid, whilst meanwhile satisfying the charging demand of EV users, and most importantly, reduce the public grid energy cost.

Design and analysis of a photovoltaic‐powered charging station for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles in college campus

“…A dynamic peak and valley algorithm based on energy management is recommended for EVSs to lessen the burden on the public grid and reduce the cost of the electricity provided by the public grid. The timing of an EV's charging and draining can be set by the system [29].…”

Design and analysis of an efficient photovoltaic energy-powered electric vehicle charging station using perturb and observe MPPT algorithm

“…Several approaches are given for obtaining information regarding charging patterns, charging equipment geolocation, and modes of operation among other things. In reflection of the beginning state of charge, feeding modalities, arrival time, leaving time, and topmost times suggested searching peak and valley algorithms to find the ideal charging or discharging beginning time for EVs Wang et al (2020). Chandra Mouli et al (2019) proposed that the testing waveforms and the measured efficiency of a 10-kW sample have been successfully verified.…”

“…In 2018 (Shariff et al, 2018), the integration of a PV on-grid system that powers AC charging (low charging) for EVs has been illustrated. Recently, a group of researchers focused on the possibility of benefiting from EV batteries by feeding battery energy to the network at critical times that the consumer or the electricity network needs (Iec et al, 2012;Parsons et al, 2014;Karfopoulos et al, 2016;Chandra Mouli et al, 2019;Modarresi Ghazvini and Olamaei, 2019;Shariff et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020). In off-grid systems, researchers focus on designing PV to charge EVs' load in a fast-charging mode with battery storage (Sahoo and Mathew, 2017;Grande et al, 2018;Youssef et al, 2018;.…”

Curve correction of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics using statistics on commercial car bodies

“…Photovoltaics (PVs) are expected to be a leading primary energy source 7 . The first PV application to automobiles was the PV charging station 8–13 . Vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) have recently attracted the interest of engineers as a realistic and convenient mode of feeding an automobile with renewable energy.…”