PV System Component Fault and Failure Compilation and Analysis.

Klise, Geoffrey Taylor; Lavrovа, Olga; Gooding, Renee

doi:10.2172/1424887

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…For an actual project, however, cost savings may not be the only factor in choosing DC-or AC-coupling; additional factors-such as retrofit considerations, system performance (including energy loss that is due to clipping), design flexibility, and O&M-should be considered. Benchmark PV operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are estimated using a PV O&M cost model (Walker et al 2020) that provides a line-item cost estimate of measures that correspond to the PV O&M services described in Best Practices for Operation and Maintenance of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems, 3rd Edition (NREL et al 2018); O&M cost drivers for PV modules and inverters in the model are informed by actuarial failure and repair data from Sandia National Laboratories (Klise, Lavrova, and Gooding 2018), but current default values for other measures that occur on fixed intervals or for which the failure rate data are unavailable reflect the best judgement of a Solar Energy Technologies Office-sponsored working group. 20…”

Section: Model Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks: Q1 2021

Feldman

Desai

Margolis

2021

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Section: Model Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks: Q1 2021

Feldman

Desai

Margolis

2021

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“…Measures of O&M in the cost model correlate to the PV O&M services described by a best practices guide (NREL et al 2018). Some of the O&M cost drivers in the model are informed by actuarial failure and repair data from Sandia National Laboratories (Klise et al 2018), but current default values reflect the best judgement of the working group for measures with unavailable data. In the current version of the model, labor rates, inverter replacement cost, discount rate, inflation rate, and capital expenditures are adjusted to fiscal year 2019.…”

Section: Operation and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmark: Q1 2020 [PowerPoint]

Feldman

Ramdas

et al. 2021

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This report benchmarks U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) system installed costs as of the first quarter of 2020 (Q1 2020). We use a bottom-up method, accounting for all system and project development costs incurred during installation to model the costs for residential, commercial, and utility-scale PV systems, with and without energy storage. We attempt to model typical installation techniques and business operations from an installed-cost perspective. Costs are represented from the perspective of the developer/installer; thus, all hardware costs represent the price at which components are purchased by the developer/installer, not accounting for preexisting supply agreements or other contracts. Importantly, the benchmark also represents the sales price paid to the installer. Therefore, it includes profit in the cost of the hardware 1 ; the profit the installer/developer receives is reported as a separate cost category on top of all other costs to approximate the final retail price paid to the installer/developer. However, we do not include any additional profit, such as a developer fee or price gross-up, which is common in the marketplace. We adopt this approach owing to the wide variation in developer overhead and profit in all three sectors (residential, commercial, and utility-scale), where project pricing depends greatly on the region and project specifics such as local retail electricity rate structures, local rebate and incentive structures, competitiveness of the environment, and overall project or deal structures. Benchmarks also assume a business environment without any impact from novel coronavirus pandemic. Finally, our benchmarks are national averages calculated using average values across all states. Table ES-1 summarizes the first-order benchmark assumptions. Table ES-1. Benchmark Assumptions Unit Description Values 2019 U.S. dollars (USD)a System Sizes PV systems are quoted in direct current (DC) terms; inverter prices are converted by DC-to-alternating current (AC) ratios; storage systems are quoted in terms of kilowatthours or megawatt-hours (kWh or MWh) of storage or the number of hours of storage at peak capacity. PV Sector Description Size Range Residential Residential rooftop systems, monocrystalline silicon modules 4kW-7 kW Commercial Commercial rooftop with ballasted racking and fixed-tilt groundmounted systems, monocrystalline silicon modules 100 kW-2 MW Utility-scale Ground-mounted systems, monocrystalline silicon modules, fixedtilt and one-axis tracking 5-100 MW a The dollar-per-watt total cost values are benchmarked as three significant figures, because the model inputs, such as module and inverter prices, use three significant figures.

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“…SNL processed data from 244 systems, built 2013-2017, totaling over 600 MW of capacity (from the PVROM data). The PVROM data include 25 models of PV modules and 29 models of inverters, covering multiple equipment types and different geographic locations (Klise et al 2018). Weibull failure distributions are listed in the Klise et al (2018) report for PV modules, DC combiner, several inverter components, AC switchgear, transformer, grid interconnection, recloser, data-acquisition system, and programmable logic controller.…”

Section: Heuristic Data To Inform Failure Probability Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O&M services in the cost model correlate to the PV O&M services described in Appendix B and Appendix C of Best Practices for Operations and Maintenance of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems;3rd Edition (see https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/73822.pdf), prepared by a group of industry professionals convened by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), SunSpec Alliance, and Roger Hill, and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO). This SETO effort also includes the collection of actuarial data (failure and repair data) by the SNL PV Reliability Operations and Maintenance (PVROM) database (Klise et al 2018) to inform how often corrective services are performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%