“…This shape complexity causes many casting defects, such as soldering, leakage and porosity. To deal with these problems, many researchers have studied and developed die materials [1][2][3][4] , surface treatments [5][6][7][8] , die release agents 9,10) , release agent delivery systems 11) and optimization of die design standard for core pin 12) . The authors have extensively studied the heat ow pattern and surface temperature of core pins by using direct measurement technique and elucidated the effect in order to reduce the inherent problems of aluminum die castings [13][14][15][16] that are mentioned above.…”