Pyelonephritis and Sepsis Due to Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Lee, Wesley; Carpenter, Robert J.; Phillips, Lou Ellen; Faro, Sebastian

doi:10.1093/infdis/155.5.1079-a

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Contamination rates should be very low with this procedure. Sometimes UTI due to S. saprophyticus may be accompanied by a bacteremia with the same organism (103,110,191), attesting to the invasive ability of S. saprophyticus. Invasive S. saprophyticus infections, such as acute pyelonephritis, can elicit an antibody response that might be useful for diagnostic purposes in patients with UTI (127).…”

Section: Specimen Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci

1994

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The clinical significance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) continues to increase as strategies in medical practice lead to more invasive procedures. Hospitalized patients that are immunocompromised and/or suffering from chronic diseases are the most vulnerable to infection. Since CNS are widespread on the human body and are capable of producing very large populations, distinguishing the etiologic agent(s) from contaminating flora is a serious challenge. For this reason, culture identification should proceed to the species and strain levels. A much stronger case can be made for the identification of a CNS etiologic agent if the same strain is repeatedly isolated from a series of specimens as opposed to the isolation of different strains of one or more species. Strain identity initially can be based on colony morphology, and then one or more molecular approaches can be used to gain information on the genotype. Many of the CNS species are commonly resistant to antibiotics that are being indicated for staphylococcal infections, with the exception of vancomycin. The widespread use of antibiotics in hospitals has provided a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes. The main focus on mechanisms of pathogenesis has been with foreign body infections and the role of specific adhesins and slime produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Slime can reduce the immune response and opsonophagocytosis, thereby interfering with host defense mechanisms. As we become more aware of the various strategies used by CNS, we will be in a better position to compromise their defense mechanisms and improve treatment.

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Section: Specimen Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci

1994

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“…This microorganism is isolated mainly from urine of sexually active young women [8,9,10] and induces symptoms that are undistinguishable from those caused by E. coli . There are also reports of septicemia and pyelonephritis caused by this microorganism [11,12]. The pathogenicity of other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in the urinary tract is generally uncertain, but the clinical significance of some CoNS species (S. haemolyticus , S. epidermidis , S. simulans , S. sciuri , S. capitis , S. xylosus , S. warneri , S. cohnii , S. lentus , and S. hominis) in UTIs has been demonstrated [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxacillin Resistance and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcussaprophyticus and Other Staphylococci Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

Ferreira¹,

Bonesso²,

Mondelli

et al. 2012

Chemotherapy

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Background:Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequent community-acquired causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility profile and resistance detection in Staphylococcus species. isolated from patients with UTI. Materials and Methods: The isolates were investigated using the disk diffusion method, Vitek I system, E-test®, and detection of the mecA gene. Results: Most isolates (76.2%) were resistant to oxacillin by the disk diffusion method, followed by those resistant to penicillin (72.2%). The oxacillin disk diffusion method, E-test, and Vitek I method showed higher sensitivity (94.4%) and lower specificity (28.9, 26.5, and 24.0%, respectively) than the cefoxitin disk diffusion test (sensitivity: 83.5%, specificity: 85.5%) for the detection of oxacillin resistance. Conclusions: The large number of oxacillin-resistant isolates indicates that the breakpoint value recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute may overestimate oxacillin resistance in S. saprophyticus. Thus, changes in these guidelines are necessary for the correct detection of this resistance.

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“…The amount of ,-lactamase produced was minimal. PBP 2a is responsible for the methicillin resistance observed in these strains of S. saprophytcus.Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes urinary tract infections (11-13, 18, 22, 31), including pyelonephritis and sepsis (8,9,20,26). S. saprophyticus is susceptible to most antibiotics (6,21,24,29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Stratton

Gelfand

Gerberding

et al. 1990

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The resistance mechanisms of methicilin-reistant strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus were characterized. Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) studies demonstrated an inducible PBP identical to PBP 2a in the membranes of these isolates. The amount of ,-lactamase produced was minimal. PBP 2a is responsible for the methicillin resistance observed in these strains of S. saprophytcus.Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes urinary tract infections (11-13, 18, 22, 31), including pyelonephritis and sepsis (8,9,20,26). S. saprophyticus is susceptible to most antibiotics (6,21,24,29). Methicillin resistance (27) and P-lactamase production (19) have been described in S.saprophyticus, although the mechanisms of resistance have not been investigated; these mechanisms were characterized in this study.Methicillin-resistant S. saprophyticus was isolated from three patients with urinary tract infections. Identification was done by standard methods (1, 16). Staphylococcus aureus strains included strain 209P (1-lactamase negative, methicillin susceptible), strain 67-0 (1-lactamase positive, heterogeneously methicillin resistant), and strain 27R (13-lactamase negative, homogeneously methicillin resistant) (4, 10).Methicillin (Bristol-Myers) was used to induce 3-lactamase. Nafcillin and clavulanic acid (SmithKline Beecham) were used to saturate penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and to inactivate 3-lactamase, respectively. Nitrocefin (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), cephaloridine (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.) and cefazolin (Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.) were used for kinetic determinations. Penicillin G (Sigma), methicillin (Bristol-Myers), nafcillin, oxacillin (SmithKline Beecham), cephalothin, and cefazolii (Eli Lilly) were used for the determination of MICs by macrodilution methodology (23).Mueller-Hinton broth (BBL) was used for susceptibility testing. Trypticase soy broth (TSB; BBL) was used for membrane preparations. Modified 1% CY broth and CY agars for ,B-lactamase typing were prepared as previously described (14).Exponentially growing cells in TSB with 4% NaCl were harvested, washed, and then mechanically disrupted (3, 4). Membranes were separated by centrifugation and suspended to a final protein concentration of 10 mg/ml as in the Bio-Rad assay (2). To label PBP 2a, samples were preincubated with 10 pg of nafcillin per ml plus 100 ,ug of clavulanic acid per ml for 15 min at 37°C.[3H]penicillin (20 ,ug/ml) Peptide maps were prepared as follows (5, 28).[3H] penicillin-labeled PBP 2a in membrane samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. PBP 2a was identified, sliced from the gel, and digested with staphylococcal V8 protease (ICN Immunobiologicals, Lisle, Ill.). Radiolabeled peptide fragments were detected by fluorography.Polyclonal antibody to PBP 2a was raised in rabbits as follows. Membrane protein (strain 67-0) was applied to an affinity column to extract PBPs 1 through 3 (32). The element containing PBP 2a was subjected to SDS-PAGE; PBP 2a was cut from the gel, homogenized in saline, and injected sub...

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Pyelonephritis and Sepsis Due to Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Oxacillin Resistance and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcussaprophyticus and Other Staphylococci Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

Characterization of mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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