The monomers, H-bonded
cyclic dimers, and trimers of five acids
were studied by density functional theory calculations, such as hypophosphorous
acid (H2POOH, 1), dimethylphosphinic acid
(Me2POOH, 2), phenylphosphinic acid (PhHPOOH, 3), dimethylphosphoric acid ((MeO)2POOH, 4), and diphenylphosphoric acid ((PhO)2POOH, 5). Particular attention was paid to the conformational manifold
existing due to the internal degrees of freedom: proton transfer (PT),
puckering (“twist”) within the ring of H-bonds, and
mobility of the substituents (namely, −Ph, −OMe, and
−OPh rotations). For acid 3, the number of conformers
is additionally increased because of the varying relative orientation
of nonequivalent substituents in cyclic complexes. We show that 31P NMR chemical shifts (δP) are very sensitive to the
details of the conformation, spanning ranges from ca. 1 ppm (for trimers
of acids 1 and 2) to ca. 12 ppm (for trimers
of 4). The energy barriers for the transitions between
conformers are rather low (<6 kcal/mol for PTs, <2.5 kcal/mol
for puckerings, and ca. <3 kcal/mol for rotations of substituents),
such that the fast exchange regime in the NMR timescale and subsequent
δP averaging are expected. Correlations are proposed linking
the change of average δP with the H-bond energy, showing the
slope of ca. 4 ppm per kcal/mol. The sensitivity of δP to the
OPO angle and the OPOH dihedral angle and the geometries of both H-bonds
formed by the POOH moiety are analyzed.