Pyrantel resistance in two herds of donkey in the UK

Lawson, Edwina F; Burden, Faith; Elsheikha, Hany M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.12.026

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The pharmacological control of donkey parasites can be difficult due to the lack of licensed anthelmintic products and the increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (Matthews and Burden, 2013; Lawson et al , 2015). This problem may be related to the application of therapeutic protocols designed for horses, using the same drug doses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Ragona¹,

Corrias²,

Benedetti³

et al. 2016

Ital J Food Safety

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This study presents an investigation of Amiata donkey health and quality of milk for human consumption. Thirty-one lactating dairy jennies were examined. The following samples were collected: faecal samples from the rectum of animals for parasitological examination; cervical swabs for the detection of bacteria causing reproductive disorders; and blood samples for serological diagnosis of main zoonotic (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp.) and donkey abortion agents (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Salmonella abortus equi, Equine viral arterithis virus, Equine herpesvirus type 1). In addition, individual milk samples were collected and analysed for mastitis-causing pathogens and milk quality. Regarding animal health, we detected a high prevalence of strongyle parasites in donkeys. It is very important to tackle parasitic diseases correctly. Selective control programmes are preferable in order to reduce anthelmintic drug use. For dairy donkeys, withdrawal periods from anthelmintic drugs need to be carefully managed, in accordance with EU and national regulations. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in milk highlights the importance of preventing contamination during milking, by adopting appropriate hygiene and safety practices at a farm level. Lysozyme activity was high compared to cow’s milk, contributing to the inhibitory activity against certain bacteria. Donkey milk was characterised by high lactose content, low caseins, low fat, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids compared to ruminant milks. Unsaturated fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids in particular have become known for their beneficial health effect, which is favourable for human diet. These characteristics make it suitable for infants and children affected by food intolerance/allergies to bovine milk proteins and multiple food allergies as well as for adults with dyslipidemias. It is also recommended to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Ragona¹,

Corrias²,

Benedetti³

et al. 2016

Ital J Food Safety

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“…Nowadays, an increasing interest in donkey milk can be observed in the countries of Western Europe and Italy, due to its multiple usages, such as human consumption and cosmetics (Camillo et al ., 2018; FAO, 2020). Considered highly similar to human milk, it is given to infants, and because it has a protein composition different from cow's milk, it can also be consumed by people with lactose intolerance (Madhusudan et al ., 2017). Therefore, it is important to limit the anthelmintic drug residues, assuring the safety and quality of donkey milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro anthelmintic activity assessment of six medicinal plant aqueous extracts against donkey strongyles

et al. 2020

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The lack of anthelmintic products licensed for donkeys and the rising number of small donkey milk farms in the countries of Western Europe and Italy have led to an increased interest in the study of reliable and safe plant-derived treatment alternatives. In this study, the aqueous extracts of Achillea millefolium L. (flowers), Artemisia absinthium L. (aerial parts), Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (flowers), Gentiana asclepiadea L. (rhizomes and roots), Inula helenium L. (rhizomes and roots) and Tanacetum vulgare L. (aerial parts), have been tested in vitro for their potential ovicidal and larvicidal activity against donkey nematodes. An egg-hatching assay (EHA) and larval development assay (LDA) were performed for the in vitro study, and median lethal concentration (LC-50) values for both EHA and LDA were calculated using probit analysis. All tested plant extracts showed strong anthelmintic activity against strongyle eggs and larvae at concentrations ranging between 125 and 1.95 mg/ml, except for C. erythraea, which exhibited very little or no effect at all at the tested concentrations. A strong ovicidal effect was observed in A. absinthium, with an LC-50 value of 0.486 mg/ml (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21–1.09). Gentiana asclepiadea showed high efficacy against strongyle larvae, with an LC-50 value of 0.041 mg/ml (95% CI 0.01–0.16). The most significant (P < 0.01) anthelmintic activity was exhibited by I. helenium, with an LC-50 value of 0.041 mg/ml (95% CI 0.01–0.16) for EHA and 0.41 mg/ml (95% CI 0.27–0.62) for LDA. The results proved the anthelmintic efficacy of the tested plant extracts, highlighting the need for further research into plant bioactive molecules both in vitro and in vivo.

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“…In donkeys, drug resistance has not been reported as commonly as in horses and few clinical trials have been performed for evaluating the efficacy of the most common anthelmintic drugs (FBZ, PYR and MLs) (Matthews and Burden, 2013). Resistance to PYR was reported in 2 donkey farms in the UK (Lawson et al, 2015); furthermore, in 1 of these farms, a suspected resistance to MOX was reported 10 years earlier after continuous use of the cattle formulation (Trawford et al, 2005). However, considering that donkeys were treated orally using an injectable formulation licensed for cattle, the data reported for MOX probably did not confirm the presence of AR.…”

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confidence: 99%

Horse and donkey parasitology: differences and analogies for a correct diagnostic and management of major helminth infections

et al. 2023

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In June 2022, at the XXXII Conference of the Italian Society of Parasitology, the parallels of the main endoparasitic infections of horses and donkeys were discussed. Although these 2 species are genetically different, they can be challenged by a similar range of parasites (i.e. small and large strongyles, and Parascaris spp.). Although equids can demonstrate some level of resilience to parasites, they have quite distinct helminth biodiversity, distribution and intensity among different geographical locations and breeds. Heavily infected donkeys may show fewer clinical signs than horses. Although parasite control is primarily provided to horses, we consider that there may be a risk of drug-resistance parasitic infection through passive infection in donkeys when sharing the same pasture areas. Knowing the possible lack of drug efficacy (<90 or 80%), it is advocated the use of selective treatment for both species based on fecal egg counts. Adult horses should receive treatment when the threshold exceeds 200–500 eggs per gram (EPG) of small strongyles. Moreover, considering that there are no precise indications in donkeys, a value >300 EPG may be a safe recommendation. We have highlighted the main points of the discussion including the dynamics of helminth infections between the 2 species.

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Pyrantel resistance in two herds of donkey in the UK

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

In vitro anthelmintic activity assessment of six medicinal plant aqueous extracts against donkey strongyles

Horse and donkey parasitology: differences and analogies for a correct diagnostic and management of major helminth infections

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