“…16 The low solubility of C 60 in many solvents can be overcome by adding functional groups to its outer surface to increase solubility. 17 Moreover, the use of fullerene derivatives, which contain diverse functional groups on pristine fullerene, has lately gained popularity. Physiochemical properties, including redox potential, solubility and absorption spectra, can be chemically adjusted by attaching or altering the functional groups on the fullerene surface.…”