Pyrene-Modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance for the Detection of Polynitroaromatic Compounds

Vaiyapuri, Rajendran; Greenland, Barnaby W.; Elliott, Joanne; Hayes, Wayne; Bennett, R. A.; Cardin, C.J.; Colquhoun, Howard M.; Etman, Haitham A.; Murray, Claire

doi:10.1021/ac200755c

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, while neutron reflectometry can be used to follow the analyte desorption for a thermally activated process it does not have the sensitivity or time resolution to measure the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 sorption of the analyte, which is when the initial response of the sensor is triggered [14,18,19]. In this study, we have utilized a custom-built experimental setup enabling time-resolved quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements to monitor the analyte uptake in dendrimer sensing films, thus providing important information about the diffusion behaviour for such materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we have utilized a custom-built experimental setup enabling time-resolved quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements to monitor the analyte uptake in dendrimer sensing films, thus providing important information about the diffusion behaviour for such materials. QCM was chosen for the study, as mass changes at the nanogram level are quantifiable [19,20]. The sensitivity of QCM also means it is potentially a sensing platform for the detection of explosives [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion of nitroaromatic vapours into fluorescent dendrimer films for explosives detection

Ali¹,

Chen²,

Cavaye³

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Abstract:Fluorescence-based sensing with organic semiconductors is a powerful method for the detection of a broad range of analytes including explosives, chemical weapons and drugs.Diffusion of an analyte into an organic semiconductor thin film, and its subsequent interaction with the chromophore are key factors that govern the sensing performance of a chemosensor.In this study the diffusion behaviour of an explosive analyte analogue into a sensing film of a conjugated dendrimer was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and correlated with neutron reflectivity measurements. The mechanistic insights of paranitrotoluene (pNT) sorption in the films of different thicknesses of a first generation dendrimer with fluorenyl surface groups, carbazole dendrons and a spirobifluorene core were studied and interpreted in terms of the underlying kinetics and thermodynamics. Sorption measurements suggest that the process of diffusion of pNT vapour into the dendrimer films is Super Case II, which involves swelling of the film. Swelling of the film was confirmed by neutron reflectometry measurements, which also showed uniform distribution of the pNT molecules throughout the entire film thickness. The activation energy barrier and change in Gibbs free energy in the sorption process were calculated from the QCM responses. The sorption process was found to be thermodynamically (not kinetically) controlled and independent of film thickness. This work sheds insight into the structure-property relationships that govern the performance of organic semiconductor fluorescence-based chemosensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of nitroaromatic vapours into fluorescent dendrimer films for explosives detection

Ali¹,

Chen²,

Cavaye³

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…In order to insert thio groups onto the gold surface, 200 L of an ethanolic solution of TDD (2 mM) was immobilized for one minute on the cleaned gold surface and subsequently spun at 1500 rpm for 60 s and kept overnight. The thiophene S of TDD directed Au-S binding on the QCM gold surface [41] whereas the carbonyl groups of TDD were involved in covalent binding with two units of the dendron monomer, G2 dendron (4). Firstly, different solutions of templates [(0.04 mmol DDT (0.014 g/150 L CHCl 3 ) and 0.04 mmol HCB (0.011 g/150 L CHCl 3 )] and the monomer G2 dendron (4) (0.04 mmol, 0.057 g/400 L DMSO) were made separately.…”

Section: Preparation Of Imprinted Polymer Qcm Nanosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual-template biomimetic molecularly imprinted dendrimer-based piezoelectric sensor for ultratrace analysis of organochlorine pesticides

Prasad

Jauhari

2015

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…For infield application vapour phase sensing of explosives using thin-film of sensors is challenging. 21 In general, the electron deficient aromatic molecules quench initial fluorescence intensity of aromatic moiety-based fluorophores via aromatic p-p charge transfer complex formation 22 and such electron deficient analytes form stronger charge transfer complexes with more p-electron rich fluorophores.…”

Section: Solid-state Fluorescence Quenching Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron rich supramolecular polymers as fluorescent sensors for nitroaromatics

et al. 2013

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Three p-electron rich fluorescent supramolecular polymers (1-3) have been synthesized incorporating 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol groups in reasonable yield by employing Sonagashira coupling. They were characterized by multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C), ESI-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses [1 = 1-(2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol)pyrene; 2 = 9,10-bis(2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol)anthracene; 3 = 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(2methyl-3-butyn-2-ol)pyrene]. Single crystal structures of 1-3 indicated that the incorporation of hydroxy (-OH) groups on the peripheral of the fluorophores helps them to self-associate into an infinite supramolecular polymeric network via intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the adjacent discrete fluorophore units. All these compounds showed fluorescence characteristics in chloroform solution due to the extended p-conjugation and were used as selective fluorescent sensors for the detection of electron deficient nitroaromatics. The changes in photophysical properties of fluorophores (1-3) upon complex formation with electron deficient nitroaromatic explosives were studied in chloroform solution by using fluorescence spectroscopy. All these fluorophores showed the largest quenching response with moderate selectivity for nitroaromatics over various other electron deficient/rich aromatic compounds tested (Chart 1). Analysis of the fluorescence titration profile of 9,10-bis(2-methyl-3butyn-2-ol)anthracene fluorophore (2) with 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene/2,4-dinitrotoluene provided evidence that this particular fluorophore detects nitroaromatics in the nanomolar range [2.0 ppb for TNT, 13.7 ppb for DNT]. Moreover, sharp visual color change was observed upon mixing nitroaromatic (DNT) with fluorophores (1-3) both in solution as well as in solid phase. Furthermore, the vapor-phase sensing study of thin film of fluorophores (1-3) showed efficient quenching responses for DNT and this sensing process is reproducible. Selective fluorescence quenching response including a sharp visual color change for nitroaromatics make these tested fluorophores (1-3) as potential sensors for nitroaromatic compounds with a detection limit of ppb level.

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Pyrene-Modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance for the Detection of Polynitroaromatic Compounds

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Diffusion of nitroaromatic vapours into fluorescent dendrimer films for explosives detection

Diffusion of nitroaromatic vapours into fluorescent dendrimer films for explosives detection

A dual-template biomimetic molecularly imprinted dendrimer-based piezoelectric sensor for ultratrace analysis of organochlorine pesticides

Electron rich supramolecular polymers as fluorescent sensors for nitroaromatics

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