Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide Residues on Potato Leaves and in Soil Under Field Conditions

Abstract

Residues of pyrethrin-I (Py-I) and pyrethrin-II (Py-II), the major insecticidal components of the pyrethrum daisy (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) as well as residues of piperonyl butoxide (PBO, a pyrethrum synergist) were determined in soil and on potato foliage grown under field conditions. A pyrethrum formulation (Multi-Purpose Insecticide) containing the three active ingredients was sprayed twice at the rate of 6 lbs of formulated product.acre(-1) ( 5.4 and 27.2 g A.I. of pyrethrin and PBO, respectively) on potato foliage during the growing season. In soil, three management practices (yard waste compost, grass filter strips, and a no mulch treatment) were used to study the impact of surface soil characteristics on the amount of pyrethrins (Pys) and PBO retained in soil. Soil samples and potato leaves were collected at different time intervals after spraying. Samples were purified and concentrated using solid-phase extraction columns containing C18-Octadecyl bonded silica. Residues were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV detector. The first spray resulted in mean initial deposits of 0.18, 0.40, and 0.99 microg.g(-1) potato leaves for Py-I, Py-II, and PBO, respectively. Residues in soil were higher in compost treatments compared to no mulch treatments.

Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide Adsorption to Soil Organic Matter

“…Isolute C 18 cartridges (Isolute, International Sorbent Technology Ltd., MID Glamorgan, UK) of 500 mg octadecyl were placed on a solidphase extraction vacuum manifold (Alltech, Deerfield, IL) and conditioned first with 6 mL of methanol followed by 6 mL of water according to the methods described by Antonious et al [2] The filtered samples were loaded onto the cartridges and passed through at a flow rate of 1-2 mL min À1 . After 24 h, samples were filtered through Whatman 934 AH glass microfiber discs of 55 mm diameter (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA).…”

“…[1,2] Safe and effective biodegradable pest control chemicals with greater selectivity are needed. Adsorption may reduce the concentrations of pesticides in the soil solution, decrease their bioavailability, increase their rates of chemical degradation by soil microorganisms, or decrease their mobility into runoff and infiltration water.…”

Control of Dark-winged Fungus Gnats (Lycoriella ingenua) using Mist Fogger with Natural Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)

“…Antonious et al (2001) similarly found the K ow for pyrethrin I (416,869) to be higher than the more soluble than pyrethrin II (3,631). The estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) data, the ratio of the concentration of a chemical in an animal to that in the animals environment, are also consistent with the solubility and K ow results, with higher BCF for the more lipophilic group I pyrethrins.…”

“…It was also determined by Antonious et al (2004) that increasing the humic acid concentration significantly reduced the mobility of pyrethrins. Further, Antonious et al (2001) found that compost with high organic matter content absorbed more of pyrethrin I (0.056 µg/g) than no-mulch (0.026 µg/g) and fescue strip soils (0.002 µg/g) in potato field trials. The study indicated that pyrethrin I bound strongly to soils (K oc = 26915) while pyrethrin II did not (K oc = 2042).…”

Residual Efficacy of Field-Applied Permethrin, d-Phenothrin, and Resmethrin on Plant Foliage Against Adult Mosquitoes

“…This is due to their short persistence in the environment (Antonious et al 1997(Antonious et al , 2001Angioni et al 2005), high level of potency against a wide range of arthropods (Burgess et al 1988), low application rate, and low toxicity to most vertebrates with the exception of fish (Edwards et al 1987, Croft et al 2001. Therefore, these insecticides are frequently the compounds of choice for use in agricultural and residential environments, and it is essential to evaluate the capabilities of the various forms of pyrethroids commercially available.…”