Pyrethroid-mediated skin sensory stimulation characterized by a new behavioral paradigm

Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides

“…Increased cough rate may have been a function of the morphological changes in the gill or may have been due to interactions of fenvalerate with pharngeal receptors. Fenvalerate has been reported to cause skin paresthesias in humans, seemingly because of effects on sensory nerves (Cagen et al 1984;Knox et al 1984). Finally, urine osmolality and urinary Na+ and K+ excretion rates and concentrations were significantly elevated in intoxicated trout, which suggests that fen valerate may also interfere with renal ion regulation.…”

“…The effect is, however, transitory. Pyrethroids with the a-cyano group were more potent in trials performed with guinea pigs serving as the animal model (Cagen et al 1984).…”

Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Fish

“…Increased cough rate may have been a function of the morphological changes in the gill or may have been due to interactions of fenvalerate with receptors on the walls of the pharynx and gill arches. (Fenvalerate has been reported to cause skin paresthesias in humans, seemingly due to effects on sensory nerves [40,41] . )…”

The Regulatory Evaluation of the Skin Effects of Pesticides

“…An alternative animal test developed by Cagen evaluates the sensory effect of pyrethroids through observations of grooming behavior focused on the site(s) of applied test material. The behavioral test demonstrated direct effects on grooming behavior for 4 h after pyrethroid application and increased response to other chemical irritants (oil of mustard in the test model) for 24 h after application (Cagen et al, 1984).…”