Pyrethroids used indoor - ambient monitoring of pyrethroids following a pest control operation

Leng, G.; Berger‐Preiß, Edith; Levsen, K.; Ranft, Ulrich; Sugiri, Dorothee; Hadnagy, W.; Idel, Helga

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.016

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Due to a lack of sunlight and moisture, photodegradation, hydrolysis, and microbial degradation are limited inside the house and thus pyrethroids applied indoors can persist more than a year. Leng et al (2005) detected about 20% of the initially applied permethrin a year after application. This persistence coupled with repeated applications of insecticides indoors increases the exposure and health risk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in indoor dust

Hwang

Park

Young

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

235

139

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Human exposure to indoor dust enriched with endocrine-disrupting chemicals released from numerous indoor sources has been a focus of increasing concern. Longer residence times and elevated contaminant concentrations in the indoor environment may increase chances of exposure to these contaminants by 1000-fold compared to outdoor exposure. To investigate the occurrence of semi-volatile endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), phthalates, pyrethroids, DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its metabolites, and chlordanes, indoor dust samples were collected from household vacuum cleaner bags provided by 10 apartments and 1 community hall in Davis, California, USA. Chemical analyses show that all indoor dust samples are highly contaminated by target analytes measured in the present study. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was the most abundant (104-7630 μg/g) in all samples and higher than other target analytes by 2 to 6 orders of magnitude. PBDEs were also found at high concentrations (1780-25,200 ng/g). Although the use of PCBs has been banned or restricted for decades, some samples had PCBs at levels that are considered to be concerns for human health, indicating that the potential risk posed by PCBs still remains high in the indoor environment, probably due to a lack of dissipation processes and continuous release from the sources. Although the use of some PBDEs is being phased out in some parts of the U.S., this trend may apply to PBDEs as well. We can anticipate that exposure to PBDEs will continue as long as the general public keeps using existing household items such as sofas, mattresses, and carpets that contain PBDEs. This study provides additional information that indoor dust is highly contaminated by persistent and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in indoor dust

Hwang

Park

Young

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

235

139

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“…Diet was identified as a significant route of intake of pyrethroids in various studies (Heudorf & Angerer, 2001;Schettgen et al, 2003;Morgan et al, 2007). In these studies, however, levels of permethrin, cypermethrin, and cyfluthrin (but not deltamethrin) in house dust and air remained detectable 12 mo after indoor application (Leng et al, 2005), and were found in floor wipes (Julien et al, 2007), which may become significant with pyrethroids applied as IRS. Therefore, the levels of permethrin in breast milk may be due to a combination of indoor and outdoor uses and taken up by contact, inhalation, and diet.…”

Section: Contact and Inhalation As Routes Of Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would also be useful to have a clearer understanding of pyrethroids under malaria application conditions, since studies in Germany and the United States have found aspects of similar dynamics involving air and surfaces (Heudorf & Angerer, 2001;Leng et al, 2005;Morgan et al, 2007). The implications of the dynamic and chemical processes associated with indoor environments concerning mixtures of chemicals are such that Lioy (2006) advocates the approach of the "total indoor environment" as a context in which to investigate exposure and interpret the findings of indoor pollution.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Water, Bovine Milk, and Indoor Residual Spraying as Possible Sources of DDT and Pyrethroid Residues in Breast Milk

Sereda¹,

Bouwman²,

Kylin³

2009

UTEH

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The presence of pollutants in human breast milk is of major concern, especially in malaria control areas where 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) is currently used as indoor residual spray (IRS). The levels of DDT and pyrethroids (PYR) were determined in breast milk, bovine milk, and drinking water from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Both reference and exposed mothers used the same market food, but the DDT levels in the exposed mothers (mean SDDT 10 mg/g milk fat) were much higher than for the reference mothers (mean SDDT 1.3 mg/g milk fat). This difference in residue levels indicates uptake from IRSapplied DDT, most likely via air and skin contact, and excludes food as main source of pollutants. DDT levels in bovine milk (mean SDDT 0.15 mg/g milk fat) from the exposed area were less than levels in breast milk from the reference area, and lower than the 20 mg/L maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the FAO. Mean SDDT in water was 0.0065 mg/L, much lower then the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of the sum of all metabolites in drinking water of 1 mg/L, and therefore highly unlikely to have contributed to any extent toward levels in breast milk. Permethrin in breast milk (mean 1.1-1.6 mg/g milk fat) was probably derived from home garden and indoor use, while the other pyrethroids (cypermethrin and cyfluthrin) at lower concentrations were probably derived from food and agricultural exposure. It is postulated that a better understanding of the indoor dynamics of DDT and other insecticides, through a concept of Total Homestead Environment Approach (THEA), is crucial for investigating options of reducing human exposure and uptake under malaria control conditions.

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“…In previous studies, pyrethroids have been shown to persist for long periods in indoor environments (e.g. house dust) as a result of limited sunlight and moisture (Leng et al 2005), and urinary concentrations of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a non-specific metabolite of several pyrethroids and biomarker of exposure, have been associated with pyrethroid levels in house dust (Heudorf and Angerer 2001; Morgan et al 2007; Trunnelle et al 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) levels among pregnant women in Mexico City: Distribution and relationships with child neurodevelopment

Watkins

Fortenberry

Sánchez

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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Background In recent years, pyrethroid pesticide use has increased in Mexico, the United States, and elsewhere, resulting in extensive human exposure. There is growing concern that pregnant women may be a particularly vulnerable population, as in utero fetal exposure during critical periods of development could adversely affect long-term neurobehavioral function. Methods We measured maternal urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) concentrations during the third trimester of pregnancy as a measure of in utero pyrethroid exposure to the fetus among participants in an established Mexico City birth cohort (n=187). In a subset of mothers, we measured 3-PBA during the first, second, and third trimester (n=21) to assess variability across pregnancy. We examined associations between third trimester 3-PBA concentrations and children’s scores on the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) from the Bayley Scales for Infant Development (BSID-IIS) at 24 and 36 months of age. Results 3-PBA was detected in 46% of all urine samples, with similar detection rates and geometric mean concentrations across pregnancy among the 21 participants who provided repeat samples. Participants in the medium and high 3-PBA categories (≥LOD) had lower MDI scores at 24 months compared to those in the low 3-PBA category (

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Pyrethroids used indoor - ambient monitoring of pyrethroids following a pest control operation

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in indoor dust

Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in indoor dust

Comparing Water, Bovine Milk, and Indoor Residual Spraying as Possible Sources of DDT and Pyrethroid Residues in Breast Milk

Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) levels among pregnant women in Mexico City: Distribution and relationships with child neurodevelopment

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