Oxytocin (OT) is a peptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that binds to a specific G protein-coupled receptor (OTR) to mediate both peripheral and central actions.[1] It notably induces uterine contraction during labor and stimulates lactation in breast-feeding mothers. Centrally, OT is implicated in numerous social behaviors [2][3][4] including pair bonding, maternal behavior, sexual arousal, learning, selfconfidence and is often referred as the hormone of love. [5] As most peptides, OT displays very poor pharmacokinetic properties and does not cross the blood-brain barrier [6] . Non-peptide orally-available and selective OTR agonists would be of invaluable help to better investigate the still poorly known central effects of OT and enable the treatment of pathologies (e.g. male erectile dysfunction) where OT function is impaired. Only one OTR partial agonist (compound 1, Figure 1), discovered from a gene reporter highthroughput screen [7] is known to date.Despite a high sequence similarity between OT and vasopressin; [8] OTR and vasopressin receptors (V1AR, V1BR, V2R) [9] and the availability of non-peptide vasopressin receptor agonists, [10,11] identifying OTR non-peptide agonists has proven to be extremely difficult. We notably showed that systematic variations of known V1AR and V2R agonists only lead to OTR antagonists but not to agonists.[12] Likewise, truncation of the terminal homopiperazine ring leads to a functional antagonist (compound 2, Figure 1), illustrating very subtle structure-activity relationships. [12] As part as our global initiative for identifying novel nonpeptide OTR agonists, we herewith report the in silico screening of an in-house collection of commercially-available drug-like compounds (Bioinfo-DB).[13] Since the X-ray structure of OTR is currently unavailable and docking-based screening of GPCR ligands require preliminary knowledge (known ligands, site-directed mutagenesis data) [14] that were missing, we restricted the panel of possible approaches to ligand-centric methods. Three similarity search methods (topomer matching, [15] shape overlap, [16] circular fingerprint similarity [17] ) were applied to find 91 hits similar to reference compound 1. In addition, a recently described chemogenomic screening method (PLFP) based on concatenated protein-ligand fingerprints [18] was utilized. Chemogenomic [19] (or proteochemometric [20] ) methods circumvent known limitations of pure ligand-based quantitative structure-activity (QSAR) approaches by considering both ligand and target descriptors [20][21][22] to predict target-ligand associations (binding affinities, [23,24] complex formation [18] ). Since similar receptors are supposed to bind to similar ligands, [25] novel interactions can thus be inferred from known data on similar ligands and/or similar targets. In the current study, PLFP screening provided 37 additional virtual hits.The above described 128 compounds were tested in duplicate at two concentrations (1 and 10 mM) in a functional fluorescence-based assay on HEK cells o...