Pyridoxine, Inositol and Vitamin K Contents of Germinated Pulses

Abstract

It was reported earlier from this laboratory that there was increased formation of ascorbic acid ( l o ) , thiamine (7), riboflavin (Il), carotene ( 4 ) , choline ( 5 ) , tocopherol (6), biotin and niacin ( 2 ) in pulses when they were germinated. While there was not much change in the pantothenic acid content of germinated pulses, folk acid content of germinated pulses diminished greatly during germination (2). Burkholder and McVeigh observed ( 3 ) a slight increase in the pyridoxine and inositol values in sprouted seeds of Pisum sativunz, Phaseolirs aureus and 7 varieties of Sojax nzax. Dam and Glavind (8) studied by the biological method the effect of light on the formation of vitamin K in germinated peas and observed that vitamin K content of peas germinated in the presence of light for 16 days was approximately treble the amount of vitamin K of seedlings kept in the darkness for the same duration. Erkama and Pettersson (9) determined colorimetrically by means of the redox method vitamin K formation in germinating peas both in the presence and absence of light. The present communication deals with the studies on the pyridoxine, inositol and vitamin K coiltents of pulses before and after germination for varying periods. EXPERIMENTALPyridoxine content of pulses. Germination of the Seeds. Nearly 1 g. of clean, dry, and healthy looking seeds were weighed and transferred to sterilized petri dishes. Two ml. of glass distilled water was added on the first day and subsequently 1 ml. of water was added daily to each dish. The dishes were kept away from direct sunlight and the seeds allowed to germinate at room temperature (30°C.) for 2 and 4 days.Estimation of pyridoxine. Powdered ungerminated seeds and seeds germinated for 2 days and 4 days were crushed in a mortar and suspended in 90 ml. of 0.44 N sulfuric acid. The samples were then autoclaved for 1 hour a t 20 pounds' pressure, p H was adjusted to 4.5 with 10 N sodium hydroxide using methyl red as external indicator, volume was made up to 250 ml. and filtered. The extract was then diluted i n such a way so that the diluted extract contained 20 mp pyridoxine per ml. Pyridoxine i n the extract was estimated microbiologically using saccharomyoes carlsbergensia (N.C.T.C. 1089) as the test organism according to the method of Atkin, Schultz, Williams, and Frey (1). After 18 hours' incubation a t 30°C. the response of the organism was determined turbidimetrically in a Klett-Summerson photoelectric colorimeter using red filter (050 mp wave length). Pyridoxine contents were calculated by interpolation from the standard curve and expressed in terms of the original weights of the seed before germination. Results are given in Table 1.Inositol contents of pulses. Seeds were germinated as described in the previous section. Ungerminated seeds were finely ground and seeds germinated for 2 and 4 days were crushed in a mortar, transferred to 100 ml. Erlenmeyer flask with 20 ml. of 1 N sulfuric acid and autoclaved a t 15 pounds' pressure for 2 hours, pH was adjusted t o 4.5, volume...

Structure, Microstructure and Optical Absorption Analysis of CuO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Route

“…The value of n depends on the nature of transition. Depending on whether the transition is direct allowed, direct forbidden, indirect allowed or indirect forbidden, n takes the value 1/2, 3/2, 2 or 3 respectively [20]. The usual method of determining g E involves plotting Table 2.…”

Understanding the p-Type Conduction Properties of the Transparent Conducting Oxide CuBO2: A Density Functional Theory Analysis

“…Two alternative layer stackings are possible, resulting in a hexagonal (space group P63/mmc) or rhombohedral (space group R3-mh) unit cell, 14 with CuCrO 2 found to crystalize in both polymorphs. 15,16 It is well known that doping the trivalent metal site in the delafossite structure with a divalent dopant significantly improves the conductivity, 17 but the conductivity trends seen for different trivalent metal cations have remained contentious. Nagarajan et al attempted to explain the trend in increasing conductivity of CuY 1-x Ca x O 2 to CuSc 1-x Mg x O 2 to CuCr 1-x Mg x O 2 by noting that the increasing conductivity tracks a decreasing ionic radius of the M III cation, and hence a decreasing lattice paramater in the Cu ion plane.…”

Understanding doping anomalies in degenerate p-type semiconductor LaCuOSe

“…3 Typically, the industry standard TCOs are limited to the post transition metal oxides, such as ZnO, In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 , 2 where the ionic character of these oxides produces an oxygen 2p derived valence band maximum (VBM) and metal 4s derived conduction band maximum (CBM), resulting in large optical band gaps (greater than 3 eV) and excellent n-type conductivity when donor doped. The development of high performance p-type TCOs, however, has proven substantially more difficult, 4 and is currently one of the grand challenges of materials science. 5 The discovery of a viable p-type TCO would extend the utility and applications of TCOs beyond their current limitations as transparent electrodes, 3,6 facilitating the fabrication of p-n junctions, and opening up the possibility of "transparent electronics".…”