Pyrite compositions from VHMS and orogenic Au deposits in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Implications for gold and copper exploration

Belousov, I; Large, Ross R.; Meffre, Sébastien; Danyushevsky, Leonid V.; Steadman, Jeffrey A.; Beardsmore, T.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.04.020

Cited by 128 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…This indicates that the lower Co/Ni ratio of pyrite and marcasite retains features of a sedimentary origin from their host rocks. In fact, pyrite and marcasite in most hydrothermal deposits are associated with a synsedimentary source including volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (Belousov et al, 2016;Dusel-Bacon, Foley, Slack, Koenig, & Oscarson, 2012;Genna & Gaboury, 2015;Liu et al, 2014;Price, 1972;Zheng, Zhang, Chen, Hollings, & Chen, 2013) and sedimentary exhalative deposits (Michael et al, 2016;Mukherjee & Large, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co/Ni distribution diagram for in situ analysis of pyrite and marcasite from different stages in the Jinding deposit. The typical deposit values are from previous studies of Mississippi Valley‐type (MVT) deposits (Frontbote and Gorzawski, ; Gao et al, ; Li et al, ; Pfaff et al, ); volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits (Bajwah et al, ; Belousov et al, ; Dusel‐Bacon et al, ; Genna & Gaboury, ; Liu et al, ; Price, ; Zheng et al, ); sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits (Michael et al, ; Mukherjee & Large, ); magmatic Cu–Ni sulfide deposits (Price, ); and synsedimentary pyrites (Price, ; Steadman & Large, ) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several critical controls on the processes of metal precipitation in MVT deposits, including variations in redox conditions, FIGURE 11 Co/Ni distribution diagram for in situ analysis of pyrite and marcasite from different stages in the Jinding deposit. The typical deposit values are from previous studies of Mississippi Valleytype (MVT) deposits (Frontbote and Gorzawski, 1990;Gao et al, 2016;Li et al, 2015;Pfaff et al, 2010); volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits (Bajwah et al, 1987;Belousov et al, 2016;Dusel-Bacon et al, 2012;Genna & Gaboury, 2015;Liu et al, 2014;Price, 1972;Zheng et al, 2013); sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits (Michael et al, 2016;Mukherjee & Large, 2017); magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposits (Price, 1972); and synsedimentary pyrites (Price, 1972; [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] fluid mixing, and kinetic fractionation (Leach et al, 2005). Anderson (1973) and Tagirov et al (2007) suggest that pH increases in acidic solutions are due to the interaction with carbonate rocks leading to metal deposition at a near-neutral pH.…”

Section: Possible Mineralization Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralization processes at the giant Jinding Zn–Pb deposit, Lanping Basin, Sanjiang Tethys Orogen: Evidence from in situ trace element analysis of pyrite and marcasite

et al. 2017

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The giant Jinding Zn–Pb deposit is in the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Lanping Basin of southern China and hosted by sandstone in the Early Cretaceous Jingxing Formation and limestone breccia and sandstone and gypsum in the Palaeocene Yunlong Formation. Mineral associations at the deposit are early (Stage 1) marcasite–sphalerite(–pyrite) and galena–quartz; through (Stage 2) pyrite–sphalerite–galena(–arsenopyrite) and marcasite–celestite–carbonate–gypsum; and the late (Stage 3) galena–sphalerite–pyrite–sulfate–carbonate(–celestite), gypsum, and barite. Pyrite and marcasite have higher Pb, Zn, Ag, Bi, As, Se, and Tl and lower V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Sn assays in orebodies hosted by sandstone and brecciated limestone. The concentration of these elements progresses from the early to late stages with increasing Cu, Zn, Ag, Bi, V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Se; decreasing Tl and As; and constant Pb, Sn, and Sb. This chemical characteristic of the pyrite and marcasite indicates that their source is basinal brine with minor contribution from the host rocks. During the early and middle stages, pyrite and marcasite contain higher concentration of Pb, Tl, and As, which is related to mineralized basinal brine and H2S‐rich fluids at a low pH during relatively higher temperature conditions. During the late stage mineralization, pyrite and marcasite contain the highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ag, Sb, Pb, Bi, and Se, which is associated with metal‐rich basinal brine and meteoric water at a near‐neutral pH and lower temperature conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Mineralization Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mineralization processes at the giant Jinding Zn–Pb deposit, Lanping Basin, Sanjiang Tethys Orogen: Evidence from in situ trace element analysis of pyrite and marcasite

et al. 2017

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“…Field and petrographic observations of most gold deposit in NEHP generally reveal four-stage mineral paragenesis, especially the quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite and quartz-polysulfide stages, like the Zhengchong gold deposits (e.g., Wangu, Huangjindong) [24], which also consistent with worldwide orogenic gold deposit belts (e.g., the Yilgarn Craton) [80,81]. Belousov et al (2016) subdivide orogenic gold deposit in the Yilgarn Craton into Au-As and Au-Te groups based upon pyrite geochemistry, which may correspond to the PyII and PyIII (Figures 11 and 13a) [81].…”

Section: Implications For Fluid Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Belousov et al (2016) subdivide orogenic gold deposit in the Yilgarn Craton into Au-As and Au-Te groups based upon pyrite geochemistry, which may correspond to the PyII and PyIII (Figures 11 and 13a) [81]. For example, in the Yilgarn Craton, 65% of orogenic gold deposit pyrites have Co/Ni < 1, Au-As association orogenic gold deposits show Se/Te > 5, in contrast of Au-Te ores [81]. These characteristics fit the Zhengchong gold deposit (Figure 15).…”

Section: Implications For Fluid Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Analysis of Pyrite from the Zhengchong Gold Deposit, Northeast Hunan Province, China: Implications for the Ore-Forming Process

2018

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The Zhengchong gold deposit is located in the central segment of the Jiangnan Orogen in northeastern Hunan Province, South China. The host rocks of this deposit are the Neoproterozoic slates of the Lengjiaxi Group and granodiorite. The structures in the Zhengchong gold deposit are dominated by NE-trending reverse faults, which control the gold-bearing veins. The orebody consists of NE-trending laminated quartz veins and NW-trending quartz veins. The alteration styles include silicification, carbonatization, sulfidation, sericitization and chloritization. The Zhengchong gold mineralization can be divided into four stages: Quartz-pyrite (stage I), quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite (stage II), quartz-polysulfide (stage III) and quartz-carbonate (stage IV). Three generations of hydrothermal pyrite were identified: Disseminated euhedral to subhedral cubes in altered wall-rock (PyI), euhedral to subhedral cubes inter-grown with arsenopyrite and tetrahedrite in quartz veins and wall-rock (PyII), and euhedral cubes with microinclusions (native gold, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and pyrrhotite) or metasomatic textures in sulfide-rich veins or veinlets (PyIII). PyII and PyIII are arsenian pyrite and represent the main Au-bearing minerals. PyI records the lowest concentrations of Au; PyII and PyIII record similar amounts of Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Bi, but PyIII is more enriched in Co, Ni, Te, and Se. The substitution of As, Se and Te for S and that of Co and Ni for Fe occurs by direct-ion exchange. Invisible gold is uniformly distributed within the arsenian pyrite, and visible gold fills microfractures in PyII or occurs as inclusions in PyIII. Co, Ni, Cu exhibit positive correlations with Au and a negative correlation between Au + Cu + Co + Ni and Fe reflect that Fe vacancies may have been a major cause of the precipitation of invisible Au and other metal elements in pyrite structure. There are systematic trace element differences between the three generations of pyrite (PyI, PyII, PyIII). The more Co, Ni and Se, Te substitution that occurred for Fe and S, respectively, the greater the increase in the Co/Ni ratio (<1) and the decrease in the Se/Te ratio (<10) in stage III, indicating that a more reduced, lower-temperature metamorphic hydrothermal fluid was present in stage III.

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Trends in Ocean S‐Isotopes May Be Influenced by Major LIP Events

Large

Steadman

Mukherjee

et al. 2021

Large Igneous Provinces

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Mega volcanic eruptions associated with the formation of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPS) pump vast amounts of carbon dioxide and sulfur-rich gases into the atmosphere and stratosphere with the potential to totally change the chemistry of the global ocean. Here we investigate the sedimentary pyrite sulfur isotope record of black shales through time and demonstrate two coherent populations termed P1 and P2. Population P1 dominates the Archean pyrites, has a mean of δ 34 S = +3.7‰, standard deviation of 5.3‰, and is considered to represent S of mantle origin. Population P2 appears toward the start of the Proterozoic, dominates the Phanerozoic, has a mean around +25‰ and standard deviation of 13.5‰, and is considered to represent S of seawater sulfate origin. Population P1 can be identified in sedimentary pyrite at certain times in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic, which correspond, within error, with the timing of 25 major LIP events. Our data suggest that at regular times through the Proterozoic, coinciding with major LIP events, the oceans contained a mixture of seawater sulfate and dissolved mantle sulfide derived from the LIPs. LA-ICP-MS analyses of the sedimentary pyrite indicate that metals, particularly gold, nickel, cobalt, and PGE were also enriched in the oceans at these times. The long periods between major LIP eruptions enabled the oceans to return to a seawater sulfate background equilibrium with a decrease in the mantle-derived metals.

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Pyrite compositions from VHMS and orogenic Au deposits in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Implications for gold and copper exploration

Cited by 128 publications

References 90 publications

Mineralization processes at the giant Jinding Zn–Pb deposit, Lanping Basin, Sanjiang Tethys Orogen: Evidence from in situ trace element analysis of pyrite and marcasite

Mineralization processes at the giant Jinding Zn–Pb deposit, Lanping Basin, Sanjiang Tethys Orogen: Evidence from in situ trace element analysis of pyrite and marcasite

Trace Element Analysis of Pyrite from the Zhengchong Gold Deposit, Northeast Hunan Province, China: Implications for the Ore-Forming Process

Trends in Ocean S‐Isotopes May Be Influenced by Major LIP Events

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