Pyrolyses of certain resin acids at 800.deg.

Severson, Ray F.; Schuller, Walter H.; Lawrence, Ray V.

doi:10.1021/je60053a051

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, it could be assumed (based also on MS spectra) that a large portion of these unidentified compounds consist of a wide range of polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. For example, it has been found earlier [26] that the most abundant resin acid-derived pyrolysis products are naphthalene derivatives. Moreover, pyrolysis experiments with abietic acid [27] indicated that besides fragmentation and decarboxylation reactions, dehydrogenation is of importance, suggesting thermochemical stability of the decahydrophenanthrene ring structure.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Of Soap Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Lappi¹,

Alén

2012

ISRN Renewable Energy

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Neutralised mixtures of tall oil-derived fatty acids and resin acids were separately pyrolysed (at 750• C for 20 s) by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass-selective and flame ionisation detection (Py-GC/MSD/FID) to clarify their thermochemical behaviour. The pyrolysate of fatty acid salts characteristically contained high amounts of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and minor amounts of monoaromatics, whereas the pyrolysis of resin acid salts mainly resulted in the formation of aromatics with up to three benzene rings and only in very low amounts of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The data obtained are useful when considering the suitability of various tall oil products containing fatty and resin acid fractions for the production of biofuels and chemicals via pyrolysis.

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Section: Pyrolysis Of Soap Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Lappi¹,

Alén

2012

ISRN Renewable Energy

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“…C 16 and C 18 fatty acids are markers of bacterial cell membranes, while 1,2-dioctylcycloprop-1-ene, a cyclopropanoic alkene present in several samples, is likely to be derived from the decarboxylation of cyclopropyl fatty acids, which are markers of anaerobic bacteria (Vestal and White, 1989 ; Volkman et al, 1998 ). PAHs of varying molecular weights, such as indene, pyrene or fluoranthene, could be produced during the incomplete combustion of biopolymers (Severson et al, 1972 ), with the likely source being Cretaceous wood in the Wealden beds (Kemp et al, 2012 ). The origins of some specific PAHs could also be inferred; for example, phenanthrene is likely the product of the side chain removal and aromatization of abietic acid (Severson et al, 1972 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs of varying molecular weights, such as indene, pyrene or fluoranthene, could be produced during the incomplete combustion of biopolymers (Severson et al, 1972 ), with the likely source being Cretaceous wood in the Wealden beds (Kemp et al, 2012 ). The origins of some specific PAHs could also be inferred; for example, phenanthrene is likely the product of the side chain removal and aromatization of abietic acid (Severson et al, 1972 ). However, many of the PAHs observed in the pyrolysis products of our samples may also have been produced by the iron-oxide-catalyzed pyrolysis of simple organic compounds such as oleic acid (Watson and Sephton, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Maturation of Iron- and Sulfur-Rich Mars Analogues: Implications for the Diagenetic Stability of Biopolymers and Their Detection with Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

2021

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Acidic iron-and sulfur-rich streams are appropriate analogues for the late Noachian and early Hesperian periods of martian history, when Mars exhibited extensive habitable environments. Any past life on Mars may have left behind diagnostic evidence of life that could be detected at the present day. For effective preservation, these remains must have avoided the harsh radiation flux at the martian surface, survived geological storage for billions of years, and remained detectable within their geochemical environment by analytical instrument suites used on Mars today, such as thermal extraction techniques. We investigated the detectability of organic matter within sulfur stream sediments that had been subjected to artificial maturation by hydrous pyrolysis. After maturation, the samples were analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) to determine whether organic matter could be detected with this commonly used technique. We find that macromolecular organic matter can survive the artificial maturation process in the presence of iron-and sulfur-rich minerals but cannot be unambiguously distinguished from abiotic organic matter. However, if jarosite and goethite are present in the sulfur stream environment, they interfere with the py-GC-MS detection of organic compounds in these samples. Clay reduces the obfuscating effect of the oxidizing minerals by providing nondeleterious adsorption sites. We also find that after a simple alkali and acid leaching process that removes oxidizing minerals such as iron sulfates, oxides, and oxyhydroxides, the sulfur stream samples exhibit much greater organic responses during py-GC-MS in terms of both abundance and diversity of organic compounds, such as the detection of hopanes in all leached samples. Our results suggest that insoluble organic matter can be preserved over billions of years of geological storage while still retaining diagnostic organic information, but sample selection strategies must either avoid jarositeand goethite-rich outcrops or conduct preparative chemistry steps to remove these oxidants prior to analysis by thermal extraction techniques.

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“…Our studies on the high temperature (600-800°C) behavior of dehydroabietic acid (I), abietic acid (7), and levopimaric acid (8) (1,2) led us to conclude that the elimination of the carboxylate moiety to yield A-ring olefins was the initial primary fragmentation in the thermal decomposition of these acids (or methyl esters). The conjugated dienoic acids were assumed to rapidly isomerize and the dehydrogenation would occur to produce an aromatic C-ring.'…”

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confidence: 93%

The Thermal Behavior of Some Resin Acids at 400–500 °C

Severson¹,

Schuller²

1972

Can. J. Chem.

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The hot tube pyrolysis of dehydroabietic acid (1) at 400–500 °C was found to produce as major products the three possible A-ring olefins (19-norabieta-4,8,11,13-tetraene (2); 19-norabieta-4(18),8,11,13-tetraene (3); and 19-norabieta-3,8,11,13-tetraene (4)) resulting from the elimination of the carboxylate moiety. The i.r., n.m.r., u.v., and mass spectrum of each olefln was obtained and discussed. The pyrolysis of abietic acid (7) and levopimaric acid (8) under identical conditions was found to yield A-ring olefins; to isomerize to yield varying mixtures of palustric, 7, and neoabietic acids; to dehydrogenate to yield 1; and to eliminate propylene to form deisopropyldehydroabietic acid (15). A mechanism to explain the formation of 15 from the dienoic resin acids is given.

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Pyrolyses of certain resin acids at 800.deg.

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Artificial Maturation of Iron- and Sulfur-Rich Mars Analogues: Implications for the Diagenetic Stability of Biopolymers and Their Detection with Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

The Thermal Behavior of Some Resin Acids at 400–500 °C

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