Pyrolysis and combustion of community masks: Thermogravimetric analyses, characterizations, gaseous emissions, and kinetic modeling

Brillard, Alain; Kehrli, Damaris; Douguet, Orlane; Gautier, Karine; Tschamber, Valérie; Bueno, Marie-Ange; Brilhac, Jean-François

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121644

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although such a protective device can contain up to 9.5% ash [ 40 ], it can release 56.3 MJ kg −1 [ 38 ]. Brillard et al [ 39 ] measured approximately 23.6 MJ kg −1 from burning SFM with 0.3% ash, which is consistent with our record.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Sugarcane bagasse provided the highest-N biogenic raw material for the production of CPFF; hence, its combination with SFM developed the composite fuel with the highest emission of NO x . The study by Brillard et al [ 39 ] on the combustion of SFM can support the role of agro-residual biomass in the emission of NO x . The authors quantified 170 ppm of NO x and more than 12,000 ppm of CO and CO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, the nose frame or band consisted of 4.55% iron. Brillard et al [ 39 ], Lee et al [ 38 ], and Farooq et al [ 40 ] also characterized the SFM for recovery of energy via pyrolysis and catalytic gasification. By analyzing these independent studies, we could identify quantities of moisture, volatile matter, solid carbon, and ash in ranges of 0–2.1, 81.3–85.9, 9.2–11.7, and 0.3–9.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Agro-residual biomass and disposable protective face mask: a merger for converting waste to plastic-fiber fuel via an integrative carbonization-pelletization framework

Moreira

Cruz

Júnior

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Incineration and landfilling offer possibilities for addressing high-rate management of COVID-waste streams. However, they can be costly and environmentally unsustainable. In addition, they do not allow to convert them to fuels and chemicals as waste-to-energy and waste-to-product technologies. Therefore, we analyzed whether integrating hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pelletization can allow converting the surgical face mask (SFM) and biomass to composite plastic-fiber fuel (CPFF). We blended the plastic material and corncob, peanut shell, or sugarcane bagasse at the proportion of 50:50 (%, dry mass basis) for HTC. We performed the thermal pretreatment of blends in an autoclaving reactor at 180 °C and 1.5 MPa. Then we pelletized the hydrochars in a presser machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. By analyzing the evidence from our study, we recognized the viability of combining the SFM and agricultural residues for CPFF from comparable technical features of our products to standards for premium-grade wood pellets. For instance, the elemental composition of their low-meltable ash was not stoichiometrically sufficient to severely produce slagging and fouling in the equipment for thermal conversion. Although they contained synthetic polymers in their structures, such as polyethylene from filter layers and nylon from the earloop, they emitted CO and NO x below the critical limits of 200 and 500 mg m −3 , respectively, for occupational safety. Therefore, we extended the knowledge on waste-to-energy pathways to transform SFM into high-quality hybrid fuel by carbonization and pelletization. Our framework can provide stakeholders opportunities to address plastic and biogenic waste in the context of a circular economy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-03285-4.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Agro-residual biomass and disposable protective face mask: a merger for converting waste to plastic-fiber fuel via an integrative carbonization-pelletization framework

Moreira

Cruz

Júnior

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…Considering both samples (M1 and M2), MS signals with amu’s 29 and 27 situated at the maximum temperature values around 350 and 390 °C (Figs. 2 and 3 d) can be attributed to devolatilized product, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) (inorganic substance), arising from thermal degradation of nylon 6 compound as the major component for the mask rope within an ear strap’s [ 18 , 19 ]. It should be emphasized that in the devolatilization stage, the disproportionation reaction of propylene can result in the formation of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characteristics and combustion reactivity of coronavirus face masks using TG-DTG-MS analysis

Manić

Janković

Stojiljković

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The presented paper deals with the influence of the heating rate on combustion characteristics (reactivity and reactivity evaluation, ignition index ( D i ), burnout index ( D f ), the combustion performance index ( S ), and the combustion stability index ( R W )) of the protective coronavirus face masks. Two types of commonly used face masks in different state (new and exploited) were investigated by TG-DTG analysis in an air atmosphere, directly coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Based on the experimental results, the impact of ultimate and proximate analysis data on the evolved gas analysis (EGA) was discussed. Also, the derived values from thermo-analytical (TA) data were compared with the literature reports, related to individual constitutive face mask materials. According to the performed research, it was established that different maximal reaction rate values at various heating rates indicate the complex nature of coronavirus face mask thermo-oxidative degradation, which is stimulated with carbon oxidation reactions and volatile matter (VM) release. By detailed analysis of obtained TG-DTG profiles, it was established that process takes place through the multiple-step reaction pathways, due to many vigorous radical reactions, causes by polymers degradation. The performed research was done to evaluate the possible utilization of coronavirus waste to energy production and sustainable pandemic environmental risk reduction.

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“…149 Pyrolysis (tertiary treatment), a relatively promising technology for recycling of plastics, 145 has been applied to masks and other PPEs for oligomer or monomer recovery and energy conversion. 150–156 A study of pyrolysis of disposable masks found that masks mainly decomposed between 300 and 500 °C, yielding mixed gaseous products of H 2 , C 1–2 hydrocarbons (CH 4 , C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 4 ) and other long-chain hydrocarbons. Compared with operation under a pure N 2 atmosphere, addition of a Ni-based catalyst could significantly increase the transformation of long-chain hydrocarbons to short-chain hydrocarbons which were more valuable for subsequent industrial processing, and production of CO was finally observed under conditions of a CO 2 atmosphere and Ni-based catalyst.…”

Section: Measures To Maximize the Utilization And Minimize The Risks ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A pandemic-induced environmental dilemma of disposable masks: solutions from the perspective of the life cycle

Chen

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Pyrolysis and combustion of community masks: Thermogravimetric analyses, characterizations, gaseous emissions, and kinetic modeling

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Agro-residual biomass and disposable protective face mask: a merger for converting waste to plastic-fiber fuel via an integrative carbonization-pelletization framework

Agro-residual biomass and disposable protective face mask: a merger for converting waste to plastic-fiber fuel via an integrative carbonization-pelletization framework

Thermal characteristics and combustion reactivity of coronavirus face masks using TG-DTG-MS analysis

A pandemic-induced environmental dilemma of disposable masks: solutions from the perspective of the life cycle

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