Pyrolysis—gas chromatographic analyses of organic matter in soils using nitrogen-selective detection

Granada, E.; Blasco, Julián; Comellas, L.; Gassiot, M.

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(91)80043-8

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The non-hydrolysable N of the son humus is considered to consist significantly of heterocyclic N. Pyrolysis of whole son samples detected several heterocyclic N-products, in addition to aliphatic and aromatic amines, cyanides and ammonia (Granada et al, 1991;Schulten & Schnitzer, 1992). Such components were also invol ved in a structural scheme of humic acids presented by Schulten (1994).…”

Section: Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 92%

Incorporation studies of NH4+ during incubation of organic residues by 15N-CPMAS-NMR-spectroscopy

Knicker¹,

UDEMANN²,

HAIDER³

1997

Eur J Soil Science

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This study focuses on the processes occurring during incorporation of inorganic nitrogen ioto humic substances. Therefore rye grass. wheat straw, beech saw dust, sulphonated Iignin and organosolve Hgnin were incubated toge!her wi!h highly "N-enriched ammonium sulphate in !he laboralory for 600 days. Samples from the incubates were periodical1y anaJysed for weight loss. and carbon and nitrogen contents. The samples were also analysed by solid-state 13C_ and 15N-CPMAS-NMR-spectroscopy to follow !he tumover of the materials during incubation. Mast of the detectable 15N-signals was assigned to amidepeptide stroctures. The remaining intensities could be ascribed to free and alkylated amino groups, and tbose on the low fletd side of the broad amide-peptide signal to índole, pyrrole and nucleotide derivatives. Abiotic reactions of ammonia with suitable precursors and the fonnation of pyridine, pyrazine or phenyloxazone derivatives were nol observed. Signals from ammonia and nitrate occurred only at the end of the ineubation. lntroduc!ion Ammonia-N and its ionized fonn are the most important sources of nitrogen in soils for plants and microorganisms. Ammonia undergoes several biotic and abiotic reactions by which it is immobilized and remobilized from inorganic to organie forms and vice versa duriog langer or shorter periods (Jansson & Persson, 1982). The continuaus exchange between mineral and organic bound N-forms is well estab-Jished. This is also the reason why only 60% or less of fertilizer-N applied to soil is directly taken up by plants, whereas 40-60% ar even more originales from continuously mineralized soil N. Application of 15N_labelled arnrnonia fertilizer showed that afier harvest 50-60% becarne irnmobilized in the soil organic matter (Broadbent & Carlton. 1978). Only during ¡he first or second year did this irnmobiJized N become prefercntially available to plants, and thereafter this residual fertilizer-N behaved like !he bulk of soi! nitrogen (Stevenson & Kelley, 1985). Irnmobilization and mobilization of ammonia depend mainly on the C/N ratio of plant residue during humification. Bacteria and fungi utilize ammonia during lhe degradation of carbonrich plant material mainly as a source of N for the synthesis of their biomass. During prolonged incubation when the cachan source becomes exhausted and the C/N ratio decreases to less than lO, NH3 is released and is present in soi! as NH.t, or afier nitrification as N0 3-. Microorganisms are the catalysts of most transfonnations in soils. In arable soiJs of westem Eurape they contain about 80-120 kg N ha-1 ; but 60-70 times more of organic N (5000-8000 kg N ha-1) is contained in humic components. During a growing season less !han 1 % of !his immobilized N is available to plants. Upon hydrolysis wi!h hot 6 N Hel about 4()...{j0% can be identified as amino acids, amiDo sugars and runmonia, whereas the rest cemmns unknown (Anderson et aJ., 1989). This unknown nitrogen consists of both hydrolysableand nooM hydrolysable-N, but identified and unlmown N participate in !...

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Section: Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 92%

Incorporation studies of NH4+ during incubation of organic residues by 15N-CPMAS-NMR-spectroscopy

Knicker¹,

UDEMANN²,

HAIDER³

1997

Eur J Soil Science

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“…Historically soil nitrogen levels have been considered an indicator of SOM quality (Rice et al, 1997;Schloter et al, 2003;Sikora and Stott, 1997). For this reason, many researchers focus their attention on practical studies on soil management techniques and optimizing the incorporation of nitrogen in stable forms in the SOM (Granada et al, 1991;Leinweber et al, 2009;Melero et al, 2011;Sharma et al 2005;Van Eerd et al, 2014), but few of them focus their attention on studying the resulting molecular composition of the N-compounds in soil (Derenne and Quénéa, 2015;Jämtgård et al, 2010;Jiménez-González et al, 2020b;Leinweber et al, 2013). Despite the relatively small proportions of organic N-compounds in the soil system (Schulten et al, 1995;Schulten and Schnitzer, 1997), these structures play an essential role in soil biogeochemistry and fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pyrolytical fingerprint of nitrogen compounds reflects the content and quality of soil organic carbon

et al. 2022

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“…Also abundant were N-containing compounds such as pyrroles and pyridines ( Figure 5 and Table 4 ). These have been frequently observed in all kind of soils/sediments and are most likely originating from amino acids, amino sugars, proteins or other polypeptides ( Chiavari and Galletti 1992 ; Granada et al 1991 ; Nierop, Pulleman, and Marinissen 2001 ; Tsuge and Matsubara 1985 ). Since N-compounds are normally more abundant in soils that are more decomposed, enriched in microbial sugars ( Guggenberger, Christensen, and Zech 1994 ), it is likely that these are originating to a large extent from microbes, supporting a microbial contribution to these clays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition and origin of Ghana medicine clays

Dongen

Fraser

Insoll

2011

Anthropology & Medicine

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The mineral, organic and elemental composition of medicine clays from three shrines in the Tong Hills in northern Ghana (Gbankil, Kusanaab, and Yaane) are assessed to ascertain what additives they might contain and the implications for their recognition, for example in archaeological contexts. These are clays that are widely used for healing purposes being perceived efficacious in curing multiple ailments and which are given a divine provenance, but their collection is ascribed human agency. The Yaane clay is also supplied as part of the process of obtaining the right to operate the shrine elsewhere making it widely dispersed. Organic geochemical analyses revealed a predominance of plant-derived material with a substantial contribution of microbial origin. Based on these (supported by elemental and mineral analyses), no unnatural organic material could be detected, making an exogenous contribution to these clays unlikely. The implications are that these are wholly natural medicinal substances with no anthropogenic input into their preparation, as the traditions suggest. The very similar mineralogy of all the clays, including a non-medicine clay sampled, suggests that, unless the geology radically differed, differentiating between them analytically in an archaeological contexts would be doubtful.

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Pyrolysis—gas chromatographic analyses of organic matter in soils using nitrogen-selective detection

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Incorporation studies of NH4+ during incubation of organic residues by 15N-CPMAS-NMR-spectroscopy

Incorporation studies of NH4+ during incubation of organic residues by 15N-CPMAS-NMR-spectroscopy

The pyrolytical fingerprint of nitrogen compounds reflects the content and quality of soil organic carbon

The composition and origin of Ghana medicine clays

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