Pyrolysis—gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of amino acids

Chiàvari, Giuseppe; Galletti, Guido C.

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(92)85024-f

Cited by 279 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…These compounds were determined to be diketopiperazine (DKP) species by mass spectral interpretation. Pyrolysis has been documented to convert proteins and peptides into cyclic diamino acid products 42 ' 48 , 49 , 55 such as compounds 21 and 24 (Table). The amino end of an amino acid residue and the carboxyl moiety of the adjacent residue cyclize by a dehydration reaction.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

et al. 2004

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Public reporting burden for fthi collection of Informaiaon is estimated to, average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing Instructions. searchilng erristing data sources, gatheing and maintsteng the data needed, and completing and review"n this collection of Information. Send cofmment regarding this burden estimate or any othier aspect of this collection of Infomuation, Indluding suggestions for reducing fti burden to Departmrent PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORTDIR ECBC, ATTN: AMSRD-ECBC-RT-II, APG, MD 21010-5424 NUMBER GEO-CENTERS, Inc., Gunpowder Branch, APG, MD 21010-5424 ECBC-TR-415 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORIMONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSORIMONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis work discusses the significance of the pyrolyzate peaks observed in the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) dataspace of the pyrolysis-GC-IMS (Py-GC-IMS) briefcase system. This system has the ability to detect and classifyi deliberately released bioaerosols in outdoor field scenarios. The bioaerosols include Gram-positive spores and Gram-negative bacteria, the MS-2 Escherichia coliphage virus, and ovalbumnin (OV) protein species. The work suggests certain improvements that can be made to the IMS detection System. A pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (Py-GC-IMS) briefcase system can detect and classify deliberately released bioaerosols in outdoor field scenarios. The bioaerosols include Gram-positive spores and Gram-negative bacteria, the MS-2 Escherichia coliphage virus, and ovalbumin (OV) protein species. However, the origin and structural identities of the pyrolyzate peaks observed in the GC-IMS dataspace, their microbiological information content, and taxonomic importance with respect to biodetection have not been determined. SUBJECT TERMS PyrolysisThe present work interrogates the identities of the peaks by inserting a time-offlight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) system in parallel with the IMS detector through a Tee connection in the GC module. Biological substances, producing ion mobility peaks from the pyrolysis of microorganisms, have been identified by their GC retention times, by matching their electron ionization mass spectra with authentic standards, and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mass spectral database.Strong signals from 2-pyridinecarboxamide were identified in Bacillus samples, including Bacillus anthracis, and their origins were traced to the cell wall peptidoglycan macromolecule. 3-Hydroxymyristic acid is a component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the cell walls of Gram-negative organisms. The Gram-negative E. coli organism showed significant amounts of 3-Hydroxymyristic acid derivatives and degradation products in Py-GC-MS analyses. Some of the fatty acid derivatives were observed in very low abundance in the ion mobi...

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

et al. 2004

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“…Together with styrene, these compounds are derived from proteins containing the amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan (Tsuge and Matsubaru 1985;Chiavari and Galletti 1992). Small but distinct peaks were identified as diketopiperazines (DKPs) and reflect peptide-derived pyrolysis products of proline and a second amino acid, which included glycine or lysine, proline, and tyrosine (Stankiewicz et al 1996).…”

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon Dating of Late Pleistocene Marine Shells from the Southern North Sea

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT. This article presents a set of Late Pleistocene marine mollusk radiocarbon (AMS) age estimates of 30-50 14 C kyr BP, whereas a MIS5 age (>75 ka) is indicated by quartz and feldspar OSL dating, biostratigraphy, U-Th dating, and age-depth relationships with sea level. These results indicate that the 14 C dates represent minimum ages. The age discrepancy suggests that the shells are contaminated by younger carbon following shell death. The enigmatic 14 C dates cannot be "solved" by removing part of the shell by stepwise dissolution. SEM analysis of the Late Pleistocene shells within a context of geologically younger (recent/modern, Holocene) and older (Pliocene) shells shows the presence of considerable amounts of an intracrystalline secondary carbonate precipitate. The presence of this precipitate is not visible using XRD since it is of the same (aragonitic) polymorph as the original shell carbonate. The combination of nanospherulitic-shaped carbonate crystals, typical cavities, and the presence of fatty acids leads to the conclusion that the secondary carbonate, and hence the addition of younger carbon, has a bacterial origin. As shell material was studied, this study recommends an assessment of possible bacterial imprints in other materials like bone collagen as well.

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“…Nitriles can be formed from the thermal decomposition of amines by the loss of two hydrogen molecules (Chiavari and Galletti 1992). N-Alkyl nitriles have previously been identified in pyrolyzates of kerogens isolated from various marine and lacustrine oil shales (Regtop et al 1982).…”

Section: Alkyl Nitrilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen: a review

Schulten

Schnitzer

1997

Biology and Fertility of Soils

680

385

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1. From the data presented herein it is possible to deduce the following distribution of total N in humic substances and soils: proteinaceous materials (proteins, peptides, and amino acids) -ca. 40%; amino sugars -5-6%; heterocyclic N compounds (including purines and pyrimidines) -ca. 35%; NH 3 -19%; approximately 1/4 of the NH 3 is fixed NH 4 + . Thus, proteinaceous materials and heterocyclics appear to be major soil N components.

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Pyrolysis—gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of amino acids

Cited by 279 publications

References 1 publication

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

Radiocarbon Dating of Late Pleistocene Marine Shells from the Southern North Sea

The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen: a review

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